If-clauses:

types 0 and 1

SWOOSH
Cidália Sousa  Cláudia Regina Abreu  Vanessa Reis Esteves
If we pollute the planet,
we will all die.
What kind of sentence is this?
If we pollute the planet,
we will all die.
It’s a CONDITION.
 If-clauses
The sentence has two parts:

If we pollute the planet, we will all die.

the condition the result

The comma (,) separates the two

parts of the sentence.
 If-clauses
Note: let’s change the order of the clauses.

If we pollute the planet die

planet, we will all die.

We if .

NO comma (,) is necessary.

The IF separates both clauses.
If-clauses
There are different types of clauses.
 If-clause: type 0
- For general truths (things which are always true)

If the sun shines, the snow melts.

If we mix blue and yellow, we get green.

if + Present Simple Present Simple

 If-clause: type 1
- For real/probable present or future situations

If we pollute the planet, it will die.

If we don’t save water, we won’t have
enough in the future.

if + Present Simple Future Simple

(will / won’t + bare infinitive)
 WHO IS A
GRAMMARNAIRE?

Type 0
OR
Type 1?
 Decide if the clauses are type 0 or type 1.

1. If we all recycle, we’ll make a difference. T1

2. If you don’t help, you will regret it. T1

3. If the temperature is below 0º, the water freezes. T0

4. If we protect endangered species, they will survive. T1

5. Plants die if they don’t get enough water. T0

6. If you donate your used clothes, you’ll feel good. T1

 Complete the sentences with type 0.

1. If you freeze
(freeze) water, it becomes
(become) ice.

(die) if they don’t

2. Plants die get enough water.
(not get)

3. If my husband (have)
has a cold, I usually catch
(catch) it.

4. If public transport (be)

is efficient, people stop
(stop) using

their cars.
5. If you mix
(mix) red and blue, you get
(get) purple.
 Complete the sentences with type 1.

(dump) all sorts of chemicals into rivers, we

1. If we dump
won’t beable
(not be able
to) to swim in them in the future.

2. If we don’t stop cutting down so many trees, we

(not stop)

will(endanger)
endanger our oxygen supply.
3. If the global temperature rises, sea levels will(rise)
rise
too.
4. People will (run
runoutout
of) of drinking water one day if

they don’t use it more rationally.

(not use)
 Look!

If not = Unless
If we don’t ask her, she won’t help us.

Unless we ask her, she won’t help us.

 Let’s
PRACTISE!
Rewrite with
UNLESS.
 Rewrite the following sentences.

1. If you don’t save some money, you can’t go on vacation.

you save some money, you can’t go on vacation.
Unless _______________________________________

2. If you don’t wear a coat, you will feel cold.

you wear a coat, you will feel cold.
Unless ______________________________________
 Rewrite the following sentences.

3. If there isn’t traffic, I’ll arrive at nine.

there is traffic, I’ll arrive at nine.
Unless _______________________________________

4. If you can’t speak English, it’s hard to find a job.

you speak English, it’s hard to find a job.
Unless ______________________________________
To PRACTISE
some more…

Open your
book on
page 111.