A G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR).

The structure of an inactive G protein.

Activation of a G protein by an activated GPCR.
The synthesis and degradation of cyclic AMP.
The activation of cyclic- AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA).
How a rise in intracellular cyclic AMP concentration can alter gene transcription.
Some G Proteins Signal Via Phospholipids

The hydrolysis of PI(4,5) P2 by phospholipase C-β.

How GPCRs increase cytosolic Ca2+ and activate protein kinase C.
Positive and negative feedback produce Ca2+ waves and oscillations.
Ca2+/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases Mediate Many Responses to
Ca2+ Signals
The structure of Ca2+/calmodulin.
Some proposed mechanisms responsible for long-term potentiation (LTP).
The role of nitric oxide (NO) in smooth muscle relaxation in a blood vessel wall.
In heart muscle, the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor activates its effector K+
channel via the Gβγ subunit of a Gi protein
 GPCR Desensitization Depends on Receptor Phosphorylation

The roles of GPCR kinases (GRKs) and arrestins in GPCR desensitization.

Some subfamilies of RTKs.
Activation of RTKs by dimerization.
Activation of the EGF receptor kinase.
The binding of SH2- containing intracellular signaling proteins to an activated RTK.
How an RTK activates Ras.
The MAP kinase module activated by Ras.
The organization of two MAP kinase modules by scaffold proteins in budding yeast.
Growth cone collapse mediated by Rho family GTPases.
The generation of phosphoinositide docking sites by PI 3-kinase.
One way in which signaling through PI 3-kinase promotes cell survival.
Five parallel intracellular signaling pathways activated by GPCRs, RTKs, or both.
The JAK–STAT signaling pathway activated by cytokines.
The Smad-dependent signaling pathway activated by TGFβ.