INCREASING THE PERFORMANCE

OF CHAIN SPROCKET BY USING

CRYOGENIC TREATED AND
NORMALIZING IN SUPERFICIAL
HEAT TREATMENT
 ABSTRACT
The major concern of researchers is to improve the tribological
performance of the products with the aim to gain security, energy
efficiency and lifetime.
The behaviour of cast iron (chain sprocket material) to the various
influent parameters such as load, stress, and exposure time has been
studied. The study of such parameters has been done after cryogenic
treatments. The weight loss as a function of applied load and the exposure
time was determined at a constant frequency.
The analysis and identification of surface degradation is complex.
One must consider the changes in the microstructure, such as phase
changes, precipitation, aging etc. The weight loss as a function of time at
different loads was studied in order to draw conclusions and identify the
likely causes of the phenomena causing fretting wear. This paper
addresses the benefits of normalizing on metals like cast iron on a
comparative basis and stresses upon the application of chain sprocket .
This paper discussed chain sprockets are treated with cryogenic
method and to predict the hardness, wear strength and other results are
analysing.
 Introduction
• The purpose of heat treatment is to soften the
metal, to change the grain size, to modify the
structure of the material and relive the stress set
up in the material. The various heat treatment
process are annealing, normalizing, hardening,
austempering, martempering, tempering and
surface hardening. normalizing is the process of
hardening the surface of metal, often cast iron
steel by infusing elements into the metal surface
forming a hard, wear resistance skin but
preserving a tough and ductile applied to disc
plate. The basic study in my research is
Procedural study, Micro structure study, testing of
hardness gradient of automobile chain sprocket.
 LITERATURE REVIEW
NAME REFERENCE

Zakharov, Heat treatment is a process utilized to change certain characteristics

1998 of metals and alloys in order to make them more suitable for a
particular kind of application. In general, heat treatment is the term
for any process employed which changes the physical properties of
steel by either heating or cooling. When properly performed, heat
treating can greatly influence mechanical properties such as strength,
hardness, ductility, toughness, and wear resistance. The chain
sprocket wear rate will be increased, when the load reaches a critical
value for a specific geometry. Most can be heat treated for the
purpose of improving mechanical properties such as hardness and
wear resistance. This is accomplished due to the heat treatment
fundamentally altering the microstructure of the steel.
 LITERATURE REVIEW
NAME REFERENCE

Suchanek and Kuklik Methods to enhance the life of the component are based on
(2009) application 12 of wear resistant materials or formation of
hard, wear-resistant surface material. The wear rate of steels
depends on their chemical constituents and conventional
heat treatment as outlined
Susheel Kaila (2010) cryogenics is an exciting, important and inexpensive method
to increase the life of the steel component. It improves
abrasive wear resistance, erosion and corrosion resistance
and stabilizes the strength characteristics of the steels

Hasim et al (2002) the cryogenic treatment of materials are gaining importance

in recent days because of their potential to produce steel
components that find enormous application in industries,
nuclear power plants, fertilizer plants, medical, aerospace
and avionics.
 OBJECTIVES
• Study the wear progression on chain sprocket.
• Study the change of surface finish throughout
the component
• Assess and analyze the results obtained for
chain sprocket , and evaluate their
performance based on the effects of the
cryogenic materials used.
 PROCESS METHODOLOGY:
CRYOGENIC TREATED MATERIAL TEST
FLOW:
 SELECTION OF METAL

• CHAIN SPROCKET ( cast iron)

 CHAIN SPROCKET
• A sprocket or sprocket-wheel is a profiled
wheel with teeth, cogs, or even sprockets that
mesh with a chain, track or other perforated or
indented material. The name 'sprocket' applies
generally to any wheel upon which radial
projections engage a chain passing over it. It is
distinguished from a gear in that sprockets are
never meshed together directly, and differs
from pulley in that sprockets have teeth and
pulleys are smooth.
SELECTION OF SPROCKET
Chain sprocket normalizing
CRYOGENIC PROCESS
 APPLICATION OF CRYOGENIC
• Plastic industry
• Automobile components industry
• Metal working industry
 Testing
• Wear test
• Hardness test
Knoop tester
PIN ON DISC WEAR TESTER
 Application
• Used in Automobile fields
 Reference
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tribological properties of tool steels through combination of deep-
cryogenic treatment and plasma nitriding, Wear, (2011),
doi:10.1016/j.wear.2011.04.001.
• [2] A. Oppenkowski, S. Weber, W. Theisen, Evaluation of factors
influencing deep cryogenic treatment that affect the properties of
tool steels, Journal of Materials Processing Technology 210 (2010)
1949-1955, doi:10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2010.07.007.
• [3] S. Zhirafar, A. Rezaeian, M. Pug, Effect of cryogenic treatment on
the mechanical properties of 4340 steel, Journal of Materials
Processing Technology 186 (2007) 298-303,
doi:10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2006.12.046.
• [4] M. Dhananchezian, M. Pradeep Kumar, Cryogenic turning of the
Ti–6Al–4V alloy with modified cutting tool inserts, Cryogenics 51
(2011) 34-40, doi:10.1016/j.cryogenics.2010.10.011.