Public Administration and

Development
Mirza Faran Baig
XII. Public Administration and Development

• Role of Public Administration in Development;

• Concept of Development Administration;
• Difference Between Development
Administration and Development Management;
• Changing Role of Public Administration in
Development,
• Issues and Challenges in Public Administration-
The Pakistan Situation.
Role of Administration in Development
• Aftermath of WWII
• Newly independent countries in the world
• 3rd world problems of poverty, illiteracy,
health, social & political instability
• Govt. led efforts to intervene in socio-
economic transformation
Two aspects of Public Ad
• Administration of development
• Development of Administration
Emergence for Development Administration
• De-Colonization
• Undermining of goals of administration with
means of administration
• CAG (Comparative Administrative Group
1960)
• Need for indigenous administrative model
• UN sponsored development schemes
• Socio-economic development – Nation
Building
 Concept & Objective of Development
Administration

• Economic Growth
• Societal change in the direction of modernity
• Social justice
• Attitudinal change
• Political Development (Equality of Law,
Increased capacity of political system to
deliver, sense of nationhood)
 Concept & Objective of Development
Administration

• Modernization of Administration
• Sustainable Development
• National Building
• New Goals (Environment, Universal
Education, Preservation of wild life,
elimination of Poverty)
 Functions of Development Public Ad
J.N. Khosla
• Formulation of Development goals & polices
• Program formulation/project management
• Re-organization of administrative structure & procedures
• Evaluation of results
• People’s participation in development efforts
• Promoting growth of social & political infrastructure
The above functions requires following on the part of public
administrative personnel:
– Competence
– Dynamic leadership
– Incorruptible work force
– Action orientation
– Goal orientation
– Change orientation
Problems of Development Administration
• Colonial past (Centralized/ authoritarian
administrative system
• The elitism
• Rules, regulations & forms takes precedence
over substance
• Non- indigenous
• Undue concentration of authority
Problems of Development Administration
• Limited delegation of authority
• Lengthy administrative procedures
• Lack of administrative leaders
• Shortage of technocrats
• Lack of commitment to development plans
• Lack of core competencies / skills
• Old Customs
Problems of Development Administration
• Insensitivity to people needs & oppressed sections of the
society

• Systemic & endemic corruption (institutionalized)

• Lack of political will to support needed development

plans/projects

• Primodial attitudes

• Lack of Attitudinal change

• Lack of participatory spirit

Problems of Development Administration
• Alienation at grass root level

• Poor direction / coordination & relationship between generalist

& specialist

• Poor organization of Public enterprises

• Govt. departments, boards, regulatory agencies & financial

institutions

• Insufficient finances & material resources

 Solutions to the Problems of Development
Administration
• De-emphasis of hierarchy in the conventional
pyramidal organization
• Redesigned to enable cooperative decision making
& promoting collaborative problem solving
• Decentralization of authority
– Enabling field units to make decisions on the spot
– Free flow of reliable information in the organization for
speedy & effective decision making
– Recruitment , promotion, evaluation of public servants
based on merit.
– Traditional administration converted into modern
administration through training/capacity building
– Continuous man power planning
– Emphasizing professional & technical personnel
 Solutions to the Problems of Development
Administration
– Flexibility & adaptability to quickly meet changes
– Modern management techniques such as cost benefit
analysis
– Supremacy of the politician must be accepted &
bureaucracy must work alongside as a co-partner of
development
– Administrative power should be under the direction
& control of political authority
– Bureaucracy must secure the cooperation an d
participation of citizen in development
 Solutions to the Problems of Development
Administration
– Self help programs be encouraged

– Popular participation in development is a resource

– Work ethic

– Vigorous & impartial collection of revenues

– Avoiding wasteful expenditures

F. W. Riggs / Widener views on Development
Administration
• Concept of development Administration by Riggs
– Prismatic-sala model
– Heterogeneity
– Formulism
– Overlapping
• Widener’s idea on development administration
– Nation Building
– Socio-economic change
– Modernization
– System change & development
– Development administration & result specific
– Environmental factors
– Political factors
– Developmental & administration & bureaucracy
 Widener’s Development Administration
Models
• Ideal Model (Planned directional growth with system
change)
• Short-run payoff (planned directional growth with no
system change)
• Long run payoff (planned system change with no
directional growth)
• Failure Model (Planning with no growth & no system
change)
• Environmental stimuleous model (unplanned directional
growth with system change)
• Pragmatism Model (unplanned directional growth with no
system change)
• Crises Model (unplanned system change with no
directional change)
• Static Model (No plans – No Change)
Approaches of Development Administration
• Elitist (Ethnocentric approach)
• Economic approach
• Diffusion approach
• Psychological approach
• Dependency approach (theory)
• Pluralistic approach
• Less-western approach (indigenous
approach)
 Conventional Public Administration Vs
Developmental Administration.
No Conventional Administration Developmental Administration

1 Administration Oriented Structure/action oriented.

2 Status quo oriented resists Change Orientation & carrier of

organizational changes innovation
3 Oriented towards efficiency & Inclined towards program
economy achievements & effectiveness
4 Regulatory Client centered –
5 Rigid Flexible & Dynamic

6 Centralized decision making Encourages participative decision

making
7 People have no right in Gives position to representative of
administration except the right of people in administrative process of
appeal & petition making & implementing decisions
 Conventional Public Administration Vs
Developmental Administration.
No Conventional Administration Developmental Administration

8 No temporal dimensions Time oriented

9 It relies on status leadership It requires functional leadership

10 Problem solving Concerned with problem finding

11 Emphasizes centralized Decentralized system & responsive to

administration & unresponsive to the people needs
the needs of the people

12 It deals with routine operation, It is concerned with new tasks &

which are predictable problems which at times are
unpredictable
THANK YOU
Nature of Development Administration
• By product of comparative study of Public Ad.
• More relevant to the developing countries
• Rooted in the field rather than headquarters
• Emphasized decentralization of authority
• Enables field units to take decision on the
spot
• Participative, responsive & accountable
management
• Ecological in nature
• Closely linked with politics
 Scope of Development Public Ad
• Extension & Community services

• Program Planning

• Project Management

• Area Development

• Urban Development

• Personnel development & Administration

 Characteristics of Development
Administration
• Goal orientation
• Change Orientation
• Result Orientation
• Time Orientation
• Client Orientation
• Commitment
• Innovation
• People’s participation