ENVIRONMENTAL

ENGINEERING -II
(_WASTE WATER ENGINEERING_)
SUBMITTED BY:
K.ADITHYA VARDHAN
BT15CIV034
 TYPES OF PUMPS
IN SEWAGE PUMPING
 NECESSITY OF
SEWAGE PUMPING
 When sewage has to be pumped from
low lying area to high level sewer.

 If outfall sewer is lower than level of

disposal site.

 Pumping is required across high ridge to

avoid tunnels.

 When placing of gradient in flat areas is

expensive for excavation.
COMMONLY USED PUMPS
 CENTRIFUGAL PUMP
 RECIPROCATING PUMP
 PROPELLER (OR) AXIAL FLOW PUMP
 AIR PRESSURE PUMP (OR) EJECTOR
1.CENTRIFUGAL PUMP

 Most widely used pump for sewage

pumping.
 This pump works on the principle of
centrifugal force.
 It consists of two main parts
1)Casing which encloses the pump
2)Impeller which rotates with high
speed inside the casing.
 There are three types of centrifugal
pumps
(a)Disintegrator pumps
(b)Fullway pumps
(c)Freeway pumps
 Disintegrator pumps are provided with
conical shaped impeller having sharp
edged grooves.

 The solids are cut up and disintegrated

during pumpng and hence sewage can
be directly disposed.
 Full way pumps can pass down solids
upto 1500mm diameter through the
pump without getting choked.

 Freeway pumps are used when sewage

containing solids of more than 150mm
dia. are required to be passed through
the pump casing.
 Centrifugal pumps are classified under
(a) Axial flow pumps
(b)Mixed flow pumps
(c)Radial flow pumps

Axial flow pump:

 Develops most of the head by propelling

action of impeller vanes on the liquid.

 It is characterised by a single inlet

impeller with flow entering axially.

Mixed flow pump:
 The head is developed partly by

centrifugal action and partly by lift of

impeller vanes on the liquid.
 The pump has a single inlet impeller

with the flow entering axially and

disharging in axial and radial direction.

Radial flow pump:

 The head is developed by the action of

centrifugal force.
 Can be obtained either single suction

inlet impellers the flow leaving impeller

radially and normal to the shaft axis.
2.RECIPROCATING PUMP
 Used in cases where sludges of large
quantity is to be pumped against low
heads.
 Obsolete since they are liable to be

clogged by solids and fibrous material.

 Reciprocating pumps are generlly of two

types:
(a)Ram type
(b)Propeller type
Ram type reciprocating pump:
 In this type, a piston or plunger moves

through glands displacing liquid in a

vessel.
Eg:- Diaphragm pump

Impeller type reciprocating pump:

 In this type, a multiple blade screw rotor

or impeller moves vertically into a pump-

casing, causing the sewage to liftup.
Eg:- Axial flow screw pump
3.propeller or axial flow pump
 The pump consists of a number of blades fixed
like screw threads on a vertical shaft and there
are vanes both on the inlet and outlet sides.
 When the propeller rotates, these vanes guide the
flow axially along the shaft.
 The efficiency is very low to the extent of about
25%
4.Air pressure pumps
 Air pressure pumps (or) pneumatic ejectors
work on the action of compressed air.
 These are used for the following conditions:

(i) where the small quanities of sewage is

to be lifted from basements
of building.
(ii) where the quantity of waste water from
low lying area does not justify construction of
pumping station.
(iii)where centrifugal pumps of smaller
capacity are likely to be clogged.
Advantages:
 No sewer gases can escape except
through the vent shafts.
 Operation is fully automatic and the
ejector comes into operation only when
needed.
 Only a few parts are in contactwith
sewages thus necessitating little
attention or lubrication.
 Ejectors are less susceptible to clogging

Disadvantage:
 It possesses very low efficiency to the

extent of about 15%

 -Submitted by
K.ADITHYA VARDHAN
BT15CIV034