The Circulatory System

Prepared by: Charish May Bianca J. Omnes, LPT

Department of Arts and Sciences
Cavite State University – Cavite City Campus
Circulatory or Cardiovascular System

► Circulatory
System – Keeps the body
working by delivering oxygen to body cells
and removing waste (Co2) from the cells.

Delivering
Removing
 Parts of the Circulatory System
► The Heart - is divided into FOUR Chambers
 Two types of Arteries
► Arteries start with A takes
blood away

► Aorta – Largest blood

vessel in the heart

► Pulmonary Artery – Carries

blood containing carbon
dioxide from your heart to
your lungs
 Three Types of Veins
► Veinsstart with V
brings blood back to
me
 1. Inferior Vena Cava –
Where the blood enters the
heart from the body.
 2. Superior Vena Cava –
Where the blood enters the
heart from the body.
 3. Pulmonary Vein – Carries
blood-containing oxygen
from your lungs to your
heart.
 The Four Valves of the Heart
► Tricuspid Valve – Lets
the blood fill in the
right atrium before it
enters the right
ventricle.
► Bicuspid Valve – Lets
the blood fill in the left
atrium before it enters
the left ventricle
 The Four Valves of the Heart
► Right Semi lunar Valve-
Lets the right ventricle fill
before releasing the blood
into the pulmonary artery.
► Left Semi lunar Valve –
Lets the blood fill in the
left ventricle before
sending it to the aorta
► Septum – Divides the
heart in half
 Three Kinds of Blood Vessels
► Arteries – Carries blood away from the heart
► Veins – Carries blood back to the heart
► Capillaries – Delivers low-oxygen blood to
veins (Smallest)
 Parts of the Blood
► Red Blood Cells – Made in
bone marrow; carries oxygen,
food, and rids body of CO2 and
Waste

► White Blood Cells – Help fight

disease and infection by
destroying bacteria and germs
that enter the body. Made in the
lymph nodes
 Parts of the Blood
► Platelets – Help
blood to clot, to
prevent excess
bleeding.

► Plasma – Water
portion of the blood;
55% of blood is
plasma
 Four Types of Blood
► Type A: 42% Accepts A and O
► Type B: 10% Accepts B and O
► Type AB: 3% Accepts AB and O
► Type O: 45% Universal Donor
► RH Factor – RH antigen on the surface of red
blood cell
 Four Filters of the Blood
1. Liver

2. Kidneys

3. Lymph Nodes
– located in
the neck

4. Spleen –
Cemetery for
the red blood
cells
How Blood Moves Through the Heart
How Blood Moves Through the Heart
 Blood Disorders
Blood Pressure:
(Hypertension)
The force or pressure
developed by the heart,
which acts to pump blood
through the circulatory
system.
 Blood Pressure
Two Distinct pressures
that are measured!!
Systolic: A measure of the
maximum force or
pressure developed in the
arteries when the heart
contracts
Diastolic: A measure of the
lowest pressure, which
occur in the arteries during
cardiac relaxation.
 Blood Pressure
High Blood Pressure:
Continuous elevation
of blood pressure
above the normal
range.
Ex. 140/90
 Blood Pressure
► Sphygmomanometer:
An instrument used to
measure blood pressure.

► Stethoscope: An
instrument used to listen
to the sounds of the heart,
or listen to the flow of
blood through the vessels
when measuring the blood
pressure.
 Arteriosclerosis
► Arteriosclerosis:
Artery walls harden;
caused by a diet high
in fat and cholesterol.
► Causes:
 Smoking
 Diabetes
 High Blood Pressure
 High Cholesterol
 Overweight
 Arteriosclerosis
► Prevention: ► Treatment:
 Reduce the amount of  Medication
stress in your everyday  Exercise
life
 Change diet to reduce
the amount of sodium,
fats and cholesterol.
Regular Medical checkups
 Diseases and Disorders of the
Circulatory System
► Heart Attack: Stoppage in the flow of
blood to the heart.
► Prevention:
 Reduce Stress
 Change Diet to less intake of Sodium (Salt)
 Eat less foods high in fat and cholesterol
 Diseases and Disorders of the
Circulatory System
► Anemia: Lack of red blood cells or cells
that do not carry enough oxygen; may
cause weakness and low energy levels.
► Prevention:
 Eat foods that are rich
in Iron
 Treatment: Rest
 Diseases and Disorders of the
Circulatory System
► Sickle Cell Anemia: ► Normal Blood Cell
Your blood is unable to
circulate properly.
► There is no prevention
for sickle-cell anemia
since you are born
with it.
► Treatments: ► Sickle Cell
 Blood Transfusions
 Medication
 Diseases and Disorders of the
Circulatory System
► Leukemia: Abnormal
white blood cells
 In time they may
crowd out normal
white blood cells,
red blood cells, and
platelets.
 Diseases and Disorders of the
Circulatory System
► Stroke: Happens when a cluster of blood
cells blocks blood vessels in the brain.
► Stroke Stroke is a “Brain Attack”
 Diseases and Disorders of the
Circulatory System
► Prevention:
 Don’t Smoke
 Drink in moderation
 Get cholesterol checked
 Exercise 30 minutes daily
 Consume a low fat diet
► Treatment:
 Medication
 Rehabilitation
 Diseases and Disorders of the
Circulatory System
► Hemophilia: Blood
does not clot properly
► Prevention:
 No prevention, you are
born a hemophiliac
► Treatment:
Transfusions of blood
clotting factors.
 Diseases and Disorders of the
Circulatory System
► Kidney Failure: The
inability of kidneys to
function, resulting in
accumulation of fluid
and waste products in
the body.