Introduction

• Motor transport carry passengers and goods from one

place to another

• It plays a vital role in the economy of a country

• It is the link between raw material, industry, market and

consumer

1
 Meaning of Transport

• Trans means – Inter

• Port means – Bases for ships

2
 Definition of Transportation

• Movement of people, goods from one place to another

• Transport is just like blood circulation in the human body

3
 Means of Transportation

• In general Transport can be made through carts, Motor

Vehicles, Railways, Airways and Water ways

• The mode of transport depends on distance and needs

4
 History of Transportation

• In ancient days navigation was the main link between

countries
• In olden days Bullock carts were used for road transport
• Man exploring all possible things and invented useful
things
• He needed the place or places where things can be used

5
 Law of Success

• “ Necessity is the mother of invention ”

• Man succeeded in inventing different transport modes for

his purposes

6
 Motor Transport as an Industry

• Industrial revolution brought drastic advancement in

transportation

• Eminent business men, economists made motor

transport industry as an organization

• Scientific principles were laid in running Motor Transport

7
Importance of Motor Transport Organization

• Motor transport carry passengers and goods from one

place to other

• Motor transport is the link between other modes of

transports

• Motor transport plays vital role in the economy of a

country
8
Various Modes of Transportation

• Air ways

• Rail ways

• Water ways

• Road ways

9
 Advantages of Airways

• Faster

• Best suited for long distance inter continental transportation

10
 Limitations of Airways

• Air transport is expensive

• Air transport is limited

• Air transport require ports

• Requires larger area for landing

11
 Advantages of Railways

• Mass transportation of goods and passengers is possible

• Faster when compared to roadways

• Cheaper

12
 Limitation of Railways

• Railways cannot reach Nook – and – corner

• It requires tracks

13
 Advantages of Water ways

• Continental transportation is possible

• Bulk transportation is possible

14
Limitation of Waterways

• Slow

• Cannot possible in all places

15
 Advantages of Motor Transport

• Reasonably fast

• Cheaper

• Reach Nook – and – Corner of villages

• Link between the other modes of transport

16
 Advantages of Motor Transport

• No need of tracks and ports

• Even on un paved roads operation of motor transport is

possible

• Most suitable for transportation of agriculture goods

directly from field to the market

17
 Advantages of Motor Transport

• It is suitable for transportation of mixed type of goods

18
 Limitation of Motor Transport

• Not convenient for too long distances

• Bulk transportation is not possible

19
 Quiz

1. Transportation is nothing but moving

of________ from one place to another

a. Passengers

b. Goods

c. Passengers and goods

d. None

20
 Quiz

2. Which transport is link between the other

modes of transports

a. Railways

b. Airways

c. Water ways

d. Road ways

21
 Motor Transport

Public Transport Private transport

Publi
Passenger Goods Passenge Goods
cTransport Transport r Transport
Transport

22
 Public Transport

Public transport is classified into

• Passenger transport

• Goods transport

23
 Public Passenger Transport

• Carry people from one place to other place

• They are operated by either Government or quasi

Government or by public undertakings

• Service to the public is the main motto and profits

are secondary

24
 Examples

• A.P.S.R.T.C

• K.S.R.T.C

• U.P.S.R.T.C

• D.T.C

25
 Public Goods Transport

• Carry goods from one part of the country to another

• Operators transport goods for hire

• Owned and operated by the public limited Registered

companies

26
 Examples

• S.R.M.T

• T.V.S

• T.C.I

• KRANTHI

• NAVATHA

27
 Private Transport

Private transport is classified into

• Passenger Transport

• Goods Transport

28
 Private Passenger Transport

• Carry people from one place to other place

• Owned by individual or group of individuals

• Operators Transport passengers for hire

• Profits are the main motto and service is secondary

29
 Examples

• Taxies

• Autos

• Private buses

30
 Private goods Transport

• These are owned and operated by individual or group

of people or business organization, or companies

• Used for transportation of goods related to Public

31
 Examples

• Lorries

• Mini vans

• Trucks

32
 Quiz

1. The following is the public goods transport

a. A.P.S.R.T.C

b. S.R.M.T

c. Taxi

d. All of the Above

33
 Quiz
2. The following is the example for private
passenger transport

a. S.R.M.T

b. Taxi

c. K.S.R.T.C

d. Delivery van

34
 Types of Ownerships

• State ownership

• Public undertakings

• Municipal ownership

• Private ownership

35
 State Ownership

• Maintained by the state governments or Quasi

governments or public undertakings

• Service to the public is main motto and profits are

secondary

36
 State Ownership

Previous history

• Early road transport, particularly passenger transport

was purely in the hands of private operators

• Main motto of the private operators is profits and

service to public is secondary

37
 State Ownership

Previous History

• Workers did not have any job security in private

transport

• On survey of public opinion, state governments taken

over routes from private operators

38
 State Ownership

Examples

• A.P.S.R.T.C

• K.S.R.T.C

• M.S.R.T.C

• D.T.C

39
 Objectives of State Ownership

• Public interest

• Generation of employment

• Safety of the public

• Security of the employee

40
 Facilities of State Ownership

• Safety

• Bus shelters

• Frequency

• Reasonable fares

41
 Advantages

• Profit is not the main motto

• Services, comfort and safety of passengers is the

main motto

• Reasonable fares

• Increases employment opportunities

42
 Advantages

• It increase traffic routes from small village to large

cities

• Minimize exploitation of workers

• Job security

43
 Disadvantages

• Because of wide organisation “ Joint responsibility is

nobodies responsibility ” officials in the organization

do not pay much attention in respect of public

relations

• Scheduling is not properly done

• Decision making is not in the hands of some persons

44
 Disadvantages

• Trade unions interfere in the activities of organization

• Anti social elements may cause burning, looting

buses

45
 Disadvantages

• With wide organization, sometimes employees may

neglect their primary duties

• Lack of co-operation between departments, since the

organization is very wide

46
 Quiz

1. The example of state owned organization

a. NAVATHA

b. A.P.S.R.T.C

c. Taxi

d. Mini van

47
 Quiz

2. The main motto of state owned organization

a. Profits

b. Publicity

c. Service to the public

d. None of the above

48
 Public Undertakings

• Maintained by the public limited company

• Carry goods from one place to other on fixed rates

49
 Public Undertakings

• Works on the social obligation

• Responsible to public and government

50
 Public Undertakings

• Public limited means participation of public in the

organization

• This undertaking can be started by some individuals

or group of individuals

51
 Public Undertakings

• They invest adequate capital and some money can be

obtained from public in the form of shares

• This limited company has registered under registration

act

52
 Public Undertakings

• This organization is Managed by board of directors

• Most of the policy matters are decided by directors

under strict social control

53
 Chart of Public Transport Organisation

Chairma
n
Managin
g
director

Person Transpo Executive Chief Purchas

al rt officer committe accounts e officer
officer e officer

54
 Advantages

• Safety for goods

• Employment generation

• Social responsibilities

• Reasonable charges

55
 Examples

• S.R.M.T

• T.C.I

• T.V.S

• KRANTHI

• NAVATHA

56
 Municipal Ownership

• vehicles owned by the municipalities are meant

purely for service to the public

57
 Municipal Ownership

• Function of the municipality is to provide facilities to the

citizens

• As a part of maintenance to carry stagnant water,

garbage, filth and for gardening plants, municipalities

need different special purpose vehicles

58
 Municipal Ownership

• In olden days municipalities used bullock carts for

carrying these things

• As towns are growing, cities becoming dense,

municipalities have switched over to motor vehicles to

cater the needs of its citizens

59
 Municipal Ownership

The vehicles are

• Tractors with trailers

• Tippers

• Water carriers

• Cesspool and gully water removal vehicles etc

60
Tractors with trailers

61
Tractors with trailers

62
Tipper

63
Tipper

64
Water carriers

65
Water carriers

66
Cesspool and gully water removal vehicles

67
 Quiz

1. The example of vehicle maintained by public

undertakings
a. Taxi
b. RTC Bus
c. Public goods vehicle
d. Water carrier111

68
 Quiz

2. The example of vehicle maintained by

municipalities
a. Auto

b. Tractor with trailer

c. Public goods carrier

d. R.T.C Bus

69
 Private Ownership
• Maintained by one or more individuals or partners

• Owner or owners register the vehicles and get

permission from Govt for a fixed route or routes and

for specific periods

• These undertakings are socially controlled by the

Government

70
 Private Ownership

• These undertakings are to Carry people, goods,

domestic goods etc on specific terms and conditions

71
 Private Ownership

Conditions based on

• Specific period

• Distance

• Load or passengers

72
 Private Ownership
Example

• Contract carriers

• Taxies

• Vans

• Trucks

• Three wheelers

73
 Advantages

• Owners need not have policy and do business

• Decisions are taken fast

• Profits and losses have no bearing on public

74
 Advantages

• Since, profit is the main motto, owners try to speed up

his business by providing facilities

• Easy to operate and there are no rigid rules

75
 Advantages

• Employees under this system are very dutiful

• Owners motivate the employee by providing some

welfare measures like insurance, bonus etc

76
 Disadvantages

• In present day conditions motor transport operation is

under heavy competition

• Owner has to bear losses if he cannot plan properly

77
 Disadvantages

• Motor transport by nature is unstable

• It depends upon production, monsoons and demand

• Unhealthy competition between operators leads to the

losses

78
 Disadvantages

• Private transport has limited scope, limited life and so,

limited span of business

• Experts say that private transport operation is easy to

start and also fizzles out rapidly

79
 Quiz

1. The example of passenger vehicle maintained

by private Ownership

a. Taxi
b. A.P.S.R.T.C
c. NAVATHA goods vehicle
d. None of the above

80
 Quiz

2. The example of goods vehicle maintained by

private ownerships

a. Delivery van

b. A.P.S.R.T.C

c. S.R.M.T

d. None

81
 Introduction

Functional wings of transport organization are

• Administration

• Secretarial

• Traffic

• Engineering

• security

82
 Administrative Functions

• Policy making

• Planning

• Organizing

• Budgeting

83
 Administrative Functions

• Any organization needs expert administration to achieve

goals

Administrative structure needs personnel to perform

• Some function

• Discharge responsibilities

• Make individual or group, work according to plan

84
 Administrative Functions

The principles of administrative aspect are

• Consideration of objectives

• Basic components and interrelation

• Authority and responsibility

85
 Administrative Functions

• Control

• Division of labour

• Delegation of powers

• communication

86
 Administrative Functions

• Line and staff agency

• Stability

• Flexibility

87
 Consideration of Objectives

• Organization have specific objects in mind

• Each objective has clear cut thinking and importance

88
 Basic Components and Interrelation

The task is to

• Establish the nature of work

• Type of personnel needed

• Infra structural facilities needed

• Co- ordination of above things

89
 Responsibility and Authority

• Responsibility – answerability or accountability to senior

officer

• Authority – right to issue orders and command

90
 Control

• “control” is supervisory of the executive, over junior

officers

91
 Division of Labour

• Work being divided into parts

• Staff are given with certain nature of load to run

organization smooth and efficient

92
 Delegation of Powers

• Should be clear

• Specific to a point

• Confusion may not arise

• Should permits administration work smoothly

93
 Communication

• Communication means inter departmental co – ordination

• In motor transport, there are several units which function

separately, but the goal is same

• Financial, personnel, engineering, traffic etc departments,

work independently, executives will co-ordinate with each

other
94
 Line and Staff Agency

• In any organization, some persons make policies and

some persons put them into actual practice

• In transport organization, If it is owned by state

government, the govt is staff agency and APSRTC is line

agency

95
 Stability

• Stability means to withstand

• If an organization is to be stable, it should have

adequate man power

• To achieve stability, organization should plan long term

training programmes to staff

96
 Flexibility

• Flexibility means relaxation of certain work loads,

temporary changes in volume of work

• It avoid undue delay in processing and also in practice

97
 Quiz

1. Function of the administrative wing

a. Policy making

b. Organizing fleet

c. Carry out maintenance

d. To prevent thefts

98
 Quiz

2. Budgeting of organization carried out by

department.
a. Administrative

b. Secretarial

c. Engineering

d. Traffic

99
 Engineering Functions

• Maintenance and repair of vehicles

• To keep vehicles on road worthy condition

• Determine the costs towards maintenance and repairs

• Maintain the punctuality of vehicles

100
 Engineering Functions

• State owned organizations have two or three tier system

• Public transport have central service point

• Private vehicles have private workshops

• It influences the passengers dependability

101
 Engineering Functions

“ The Trained mind ” is the need of the day

• Industry or organization needs specialists and trained

people for engineering functions

102
 Engineering Functions

• Decentralization will smoothen the work

• Transport organization has specified engineering

functions

103
 Engineering Functions

The Engineering section consists of

• Chief engineer

• Three deputy chief engineers

• Superintendent engineer

• Depot manager

104
 Engineering Functions

• Assistant engineer

• Supervisors

• Mechanics

• Helpers

105
 Chief Engineer

His main functions are

• Planning

• Liaison between secretarial staff

• Operations

• Administrative control over engineering staff

106
 Three Deputy Chief Engineers

• The chief engineer is assisted by one deputy chief

engineer

• His functions are similar to chief engineer

• He purchases the material required and allocates to

different workshops

107
 Three Deputy Chief Engineers

• The second deputy chief engineer is incharge for stores

• The third deputy chief engineer is purely incharge for

tyres

108
 Superintendent Engineer

His functions are

• To maintain workshops, like depot and zonal workshop

• Distribution of work to his workshop staff

• Direct control of functions of engineering section

109
 Depot Manager

His functions are

• Administrative and engineering

• Responsible for maintenance and up-keep of the

vehicles

• Operational control

110
 Assistant Engineer

He directly involves in

• Repairs

• Maintenance

• Up-keep of vehicles ready and fit

111
 Assistant Engineer

• His section works round the clock

• He should be accurate and punctual

112
 Supervisors

• Directly assists his senior and Assistant Engineer

• Number of supervisors under one Assistant Engineer

depends on strength of buses and operations

• Responsible for quantum of buses allotted to him

113
 Mechanics

• Mechanics are king pins of workshop

• They do the original work

• Strength of mechanics depends on strength of buses

and schedules for a day

114
 Helpers

• These persons may be technical or non-technical

• They are meant to assist their superiors

115
 Security

The functions are

• Prevent pilferages

• Arrange the vehicles in line

• Not to allow the other persons and vehicles into depot

116
 Summary

In this session, you have learnt about

• Functions of engineering and security wings

117
 Quiz
1. The function of engineering section

a. Policy making
b. Organizing fleet
c. Carry out maintenance and repairs
d. Prevent pilferages

118
 Quiz

2. The function of security wing is

a. Policy making
b. Organizing fleet
c. Carry out maintenance and repairs
d. Prevent pilferages

119
 Assignment

1. What are the functions of Depot Manager?

2. What are the functions of Chief Engineer?

120
 Organizational Structure

Management Level Nature of Duties

• Legislature, minister, • Strategies planning
secretariat
• Corporation board • Strategies planning and
chairman, managing management control
director

121
 Organizational Structure
• Personnel officer, chief • Management control and
accounts officer, chief some operational control

engineer, public relations

officer

• Divisional manager • Management control &

operational control

• Depot manager & • Operational control

supervisor

122
 Criteria and Mode of Staffing

• Transport is highly labour intensive industry

• Optimum staffing and its proper utilization is the

indication of efficiency

123
 Criteria and Mode of Staffing

• While designing a depot, it is important to have an idea

of number of workers employed for it

• On the basis of workers employed, provision of work

places, workers and amenities will have to be provided

124
 Criteria and Mode of Staffing
• The example for city services setup by association of

state transport undertaking recommended as

• Staff – bus ratio - 1.5 per bus for administration

- 6.0 per bus for traffic schedule

- 2.5 per bus for work shops

125
 Criteria and Mode of Staffing

• Keeping in view of systems, the requirements of staff for

100 vehicles depot as follows

126
 Administration

• Depot Manager - 1
• Traffic Superintendent - 1
• Asst. Engineer - 1
• Asst. Accounts Officer - 1
• Stores Staff - 9
• Ministerial and
Miscellaneous Staff - 67

TOTAL 80

127
 Traffic

• Supervisory and

Miscellaneous Staff - 29

• Drivers - 253

• Conductors - 248

TOTAL 530

128
 Workshop

• Foreman/Junior Engineers - 3

• Asst. Foreman/ charge men - 11

• Men - 186

TOTAL 200

129
 Criteria and Mode of Staffing
The total number of staff required for 100 vehicles
depot

• Administration - 80

• Traffic - 530

• Workshop - 200

Grand total 810

130
 Criteria and Mode of Staffing
The number of workshop men required in various
shifts in city operation is

• 8.00 AM to 4.00 PM - 95 men

• 4.00 PM to 12.00 PM - 10 men

• 12.00 AM to 8.00 AM - 95 men

131
 Criteria and Mode of Staffing

• In moffusil operation, the deployment of employees may

be some what different

• Some buses operating late evening or at night, will be

available for maintenance during the day

132
 Workshop Staff for Central Work Shop

• On the basis of 0.5 men per bus in fleet, 500 men would

be needed in a central workshop for supporting a fleet of

1000 vehicles

• Distribution of staff and allocation of work would be as

below

133
 Workshop Staff For Central Work Shop
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
E.S M. F.I.R E.S M. R.S C.S P&M R.S I.S T
A S
Foreman 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 - - 1 10
Asst 2 2 - - - - - 1 - - 5
foreman
Charge man 6 4 4 5 8 6 6 2 2 2 45
Highly 19 5 8 27 10 5 54 2 - - 130
skilled
Skilled 20 18 18 22 8 19 31 4 - - 140
Semi skilled 24 20 15 5 30 24 44 5 3 - 170
72 50 47 60 58 55 136 14 5 3 500
134
 Workshop Staff For Central Work Shop
NOTE

• E.S – Engine Section

• M.A – Major Assembly

• F.I.R – Fuel Injection Room

• E.S – Electrical Section

• M.S – Machine Shop

135
 Workshop Staff For Central Work Shop
• R.S – Retreading Section

• C.S – Chassis Section

• P&M – Plant and Machinery

• R.S – Reconditioning Stores

• I.S – Inspection of Stores

• T – Total

136
 Staff – Bus Ratio

• Optimum utilization of vehicles is economical and

comfortable

• Drivers required per bus on schedule – 2.7

• Conductors required per bus on schedule – 2.7

• Other cadres not exceeding 20% of total number of

drivers and conductors

137
 Quiz

1. The total number of staff required for 100

vehicle depot

a. 810

b. 710

c. 610

d. 510

138
 Quiz

2. The total number of workshop staff required

for 1000 vehicles central work shop

a. 1000

b. 500

c. 1500

d. 2000

139
 Training Programmes

• Training programmes to employees in any organization

is an integral part of development

140
 Training Programmes

With change in society needs, every organization has to

prepare its employees to

• Modern world

• Tuning for latest techniques

• Orientation

• Update their skills

141
 Training Programmes

• Motor transport organization whether state owned or

public limited should provide different training
programmes to their employees

142
 Training Programmes
The training programmes consists training in

• Engineering field

• Secretarial field

• Management methods

• Costs and works

• Psychology

143
 Training Programmes

• Road research

• New methods in solving traffic problems

• Pollution control

• Evaluation etc.

144
 Training Programmes

• It is not only important but also need for periodical

training for employees of all categories

• Advancement of technology, specialization to build

perfection and maximum utility under minimum

discomfort will give good results

145
 Training Programmes

• For the benefit of state road transport undertaking

the association of state road transport corporations

have developed training programme centre

“ Central Institute of Road Transport ” (C.I.R.T) at

pune

146
 Training Programmes

This organization provides training to employees by

conducting

• Various seminars

• Examinations

• Publication works

147
 Training Programmes

• APSRTC established a training college for employees at

Gannavaram, near Vijayawada, Krishna district

• It has all the facilities like management experts, senior

officials, programmers and a large library

• It has various Automobile cut section working models to

enhance technical knowledge

148
Training Programmes for Various Levels

• Management development and specialized training for

officers

• Training for supervisors

• Training for workshop staff

• Training for drivers, conductors and other categories

149
 Management Training

• It is necessary that managerial, secretarial and middle

management personnel are to be trained in modern

management theory and practicals

• Young apprentice officers, supervisors need improved

management techniques

150
 Training Programmes Include

• Fuel management

• Tyre management

• Traffic management

• Methods of planning

151
 Quiz

1. The central institute of road transport is located

at

a. Hyderabad

b. Gannavaram

c. Pune

d. Delhi

152
 Quiz

2. A.P.S.R.T.C training college for its employees is

located at

a. Hyderabad

b. Gannavaram

c. Kurnool

d. Zaheerabad

153
 Training for Supervisors

• Supervisors play key role in organization

• They are technical persons, may be diploma holders

• They are the link between managers and workers

154
 Training for Supervisors
Their training should be for

• Technical

• Management

• Psychology

155
 Training for Supervisors

A workshop supervisor should be trained in

• Preventive maintenance

• Fuel economics

• Tyre management

156
 Training for Supervisors

Traffic supervisor should be trained in

• Crew scheduling

• Bus scheduling

• Accounts

157
 Training for Workshop Staff

• Most of workshop staff are from ITI

• They are kept under apprenticeship for one year period

158
 Training for Workshop Staff
They Should Be Trained In

• Work shop skills

• Repair works

• Technical skills

159
 Training for Drivers

• Drivers are recruited on the basis of heavy passenger

license and experience he possess

• Driving school should be attached to one division and

drivers should be trained with the aid of simulators and

other training aids

160
 Training for Drivers
The training includes

• Good driving habits

• Method of fuel saving

• Elements of motor mechanism

• Physical and mental fitness

• Patience

• Meditation etc..
161
 Training for Conductors

• Conductor is the sales man of the organization

• He is a needful man in organization at large

162
 Training for Conductors

He should be trained in

• Schedules

• Accounts

• Terminology in economics

• How to behave with passengers

163
 Quiz

1. The salesman of the transport organization

a. Conductor

b. Driver

c. Supervisor

d. chairman

164
 Quiz

2. What type license is needed to become a

driver

a. Heavy license

b. Light license

c. Two- wheeler license

d. None of the above

165
 Stage Carriage

• “Stage carriage” means a motor vehicle carrying or

adapted to carry more than six persons excluding the
driver which carries passengers for hire or reward at
separate fares paid by or for individual passengers,
either for the whole journey or for stages of the
journey

166
 Contract Carriage

• “Contract carriage” means a motor vehicle which

carry a passenger or passengers for hire or reward
under a contract expressed or implied for the use of
the vehicle as a whole (fixed or agreed rate or sum -
i. on a time whether or not with reference to any route
or distance, or
ii. From one point to another, and in either case
without stopping to pick up)

167
 Tourist Vehicle

• “Tourist vehicle” means a contract carriage

constructed or adopted and equipped and maintained
in accordance with such specifications as the state
government may be notification in the official gazette,
specify in the behalf

168
 Goods Vehicle

• “Goods vehicle means any motor vehicle constructed

or adopted for use of the carriage of goods, or any

motor vehicle not so constructed or adopted when

used for the carriage of goods solely or in addition to

passengers

169
 Heavy Motor Vehicle

• “Heavy motor vehicle” means a transport vehicle or

omnibus the registered laden weight of which, or a

motor car or tractor the unladen weight of which,

exceeds 11000 Kilograms

170
 Light Motor Vehicle

• “Light motor vehicle” means a transport vehicle or

omnibus the registered laden weight of which, or a motor

car tractor the unladen weight of which, does not

exceed(4000 Kilograms)

171
 Medium Motor Vehicle

• “Medium motor vehicle” means any motor vehicle

other than a motor cycle, invalid carriage, light motor

vehicle, heavy motor vehicle or road roller

172
 Public Service Vehicle

• “Public service vehicle” means any motor vehicle

used or adapted to be used for the carriage of
passengers for hire or reward and includes a motor
car, contract carriage and stage carriage

173
 Quiz

1. The example of light motor vehicle

a) Motor cycle
b) Car
c) Bus
d) All of the above

174
 Quiz

2. The example of medium motor vehicle

a) Jeep
b) Bus
c) Tractor with trailer
d) None

175