STRATI F I CATI O

NGENDER AND
BY ETHNICITY,
AGE
STRATI F I CATI O
I N T R OND U C T I
O N
STRATI F I CATI
ON

IS A SYSTEM OF
RANKING
INDIVIDUALS IN
TERMS OF THEIR
ACCESS TO, AND
POSSESSION OF,
THE THINGS
VALUED BY THEIR
SOCIETY
S O C IAL C LAS S

A CATEGORY OF
PEOPLE WITHIN A
SYSTEM OF
STRATIFICATION
WHO SHARE
SIMILAR STYLE OF
LIFE AND
SOCIOECONOMIC
STATUS
 SOCIAL
STRATI F I CATI O N

DIVISION OF
SOCIETY INTO
LAYERS WHOSE
OCCUPANTS HAVE
UNEQUAL ACCESS
TO SOCIAL
OPPORTUNITIES
AND REWARS
FACTORS THAT DEFINE
STRATI F I CATI O N

1.
WEALTH
2.
INCOME
 FACTORS THAT
IDENTIFY SOCIAL CLASS

1. EDUCATION
2. OCCUPATIONAL
PRESTIGE
3. OWNERSHIP
4. INCOME
5. SPOUSE'S
6. FATHER'S
7. MOTHER'S
 Understanding Inequality

inequality is the
unequal access to
scarce goods or
resources.

*
POVERTY
 SOCIAL MOBILITY
•Is the movement of people up or down the statification
system
•also defined as the act of moving from one social class
to another.

types of social mobility

1.) Territorial - Change of residence from one place to
another.
2.) Vertical Mobility - MAjor movement up or down in
social class position.
3.) Horizonatl Mobility- A movement within a social class.
 S Y S T E MS O F
STRATI F I CATI O
N
 SLAVERY CASTE ESTATES

INDIVIDUALS OWNED BY HEREDITARY RANKS PEASANTS WORK IN

OTHER PEOPLE AND THAT ARE USUALLY LAND LEASED TO THEM
TREATED AS RELIGIOUSLY DICTATED IN EXCHANGE OF
PROPERTIES MILITARY PROTECTION
OTHER S Y S T E MS
OF
STRATI F I CATI O
N
OPEN SYSTEM

IMPLIES THAT
THE POSITION
OF EACH
INDIVIDUAL IS
INFLUANCED BY
THE PERSON'S
ACHIEVED
STATUS
CLOSED SYSTEM

ALLOWS LITTLE OR
NO POSSIBILITY OF
MOVING UP
GLOBAL S T R A T I F I C A T I
ON
AND INEQUALITY
 GLOBAL
STRATIFICATION

COMPARES THE
WEALTH,
ECONOMIC
STABILITY, STATUS,
AND POWER OF
COUNTRIES
ACROSS THE
WORLD
STRATI F I CATI O
N
IN U.S.A.
 AMERICAN CLASS
SYSTEM

1. OBJECTIVE METHODS OF
METHOD MEASURING SOCIAL
CLASS
2. GENDER AND
OCCUPATIONAL
PRESTIGE
3. REPUTATIONAL
STUDIES
 AMERICAN CLASS
SYSTEM

1. UPPER CLASS
2. UPPER MIDDLE TYPES
CLASS
3. MIDDLE CLASS
4. WORKING CLASS
5. POOR
6. UNDER CLASS
 WEALTH INCOME
V
SECONOMIC
MEASURING
INEQUALITY IN U.S.

DISTRIBUTED UNEVENLY
MORE UNEVENLY DISTRIBUTED

85% OF NATION'S 50% OF NATION'S INCOME

WEALTH BELONGS TO THE BELNGS TO THE RICH
RICH
 THEORIES O F
STRATI F I CATI O
N
 KARL MARX'S VIEW OF
CLASS DIFFERENTIATION

FOCUS: EFFECTS OF ECONOMIC

INEQUALITY

CONFLICT: SOCIAL RELATIONS

DEPEND ON WHO CONTROLS THE
PRIMARY MODE OF ECONOMIC
PRODUCTION

RESULT: RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN

GROUPS
 KARL MARX'S VIEW OF
CLASS DIFFERENTIATION

1. BURGEOISIE OR THE
CLASSES IN THE
CAPITALIST CLASS
CAPITALIST SOCIETY
2. PROLETARIAT OR THE WORKING
CLASS
MUST DEVELOP CLASS
CONSCIOUSNESS THAT WILL
ELIMINATE PRIVATE OWNERSHIP
OF THE MEANS OF PRODUCTION
 MAX WEBER'S VIEW OF
STRATIFICATION

FOCUS: NO
CHARACTERISTIC
(CLASS) TOTALLY
DEFINES A PERSON'S
POSITION WITHIN THE
STRATIFICATION
SYSTEM
 MAX WEBER'S VIEW OF
STRATIFICATION

1. CLASSGROUP OF PEOPLE COMPONENTS OF

WHO HAVE SIMILAR LEVEL STRATIFICATION
OF WEALTH AND INCOME
2. STATUSPEOPLE WHO
HAVE THE SAME PRESTIGE
AND LIFESTYLE
3. POWER ABILITY TO
EXERCISE ONE'S WILL OVER
THE OTHER
 GERHARD LENKI'S
VIEWPOINT

SOCIOCULTURAL
EVOLUTION APPROACH
ECONOMIC SYSTEMS
CHANGE AS THEIR LEVEL OF
TECHNOLOGY BECOMES
MORE COMPLEX
ABILITY TO PRODUCE SURPLUS
GOODS = POSSIBILITY OF
INEQUALITY
PERSPECTIVES O F
STRATI F I CATI O
N
 Functions of social stratification.
•Structural functionalism
- Social in equality plays a vital role in the smooth operation of society.
- according to Dvis-Moore thesis, social stratification has beneficial consequences for
the operation of society.
•Social Conflict
- social in confflict disagrees that social stratification is functional for a society.
- Arguement, lack of interest, or mutual disagreements.
•Symbolic interaction
-analyzes society by addressing the subjective meanings that people impose on
objects, events, and behaviors.
 FUNCTIONALIST
PERSPECTIVE

INTRODUCED BY: EMILE

DURKHEIM
SOCIAL STRATIFICATION IS AN
INEVITABLE AND NECESSARY
PART OF SOCIAL LIFE

REASON: SOCIETIES DEPEND ON

INDIVIDUALS OCCUPYING A
VARIETY OF INTERDEPENDENT
SOCIAL POSITIONS AND
PERFORMING ROLES ASSOCIATED
 FUNCTIONALIST
PERSPECTIVE

VIEWPOINT OF : KINGSLEY
DAVIS and WILBERT MOORE
STRATIFICATION IS UNIVERSAL
AND SOCIAL INEQUALITY IS
NECESSARY

SOCIETY MUST DISTRIBUTE ITS

MEMBERS APPROPRIATELY
AMONG VARIETY OF SOCIAL
POSITIONS
 INTERACTIONIST
PERSPECTIVE

FOCUS: IMPORTANCE OF SOCIAL

CLASS IN SHAPING ONE'S LIFE

INEQUALITY as to social interaction:

UPPER CLASS: CONVERT THEIR
WEALTH INTO CONSPICUOUS
CONSUMPTION or LUXURY
LOWER CLASS: SUBJECT TO
RIDICULE AND EVEN LEGAL
ACTION
 CONFLICT
PERSPECTIVE

VIEWPOINT OF: KARL MARX

STRTIFICATION IS THE MAJOR
SOURSE OF SOCIETAL TENSION
AND CONFLICT

CONFLICT: UNDER CAPITALISM,

BURGEOISIE MANIPULATES THE
ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL
SYSTEM IN ORDER TO
MAINTAINCONTROL OVER
EXPLOITED PROLETARIAT
 CONFLICT
PERSPECTIVE

DOMINANT IDEOLOGY
DESCRIBES SET OF
CULTURAL BELIEFS AND
PRACTICES THAT HELP
MAINTAINPOWERFUL
SOCIAL, ECONOMICAND
POLITICAL INTERESTS
 PERSPECTIVES O F
STRATI F I CATI O
N
INTERACTIONALI
FUNCTIONALIST CONFLICT
ST

Purpose of Social Facilitates filling Facilitates Influences

Stratification of Social Position Explolitaiton People's Lifestyle
Attitude Toward Necessary to Excessive and
Social Inequality
-----
some extent Growing
Exhibit
Talented and skilled; Use the Dominant
Analysis of the Conspicuous
Creating opportunities Ideology to further
Wealthy for others Consumption and
their interests
Leisure