HAPLODIPLONTIC

LIFE CYCLE
(Diplohaplontic, Diplobiontic, or Dibiontic Life Cycle)
 Know Thy Terms…
 Gametophyte – A Haploid plant
 Sporophyte – A Diploid plant
 Mitosis – The process by which gametophytes produce haploid gametes.
 Fertilization – Fusion of male and female gametes to form a diploid
zygote.
 Meiosis – The process by which sporophyte produces spores that are
haploid.
Haplodiplontic Life Cycle
× Multicellular diploid and haploid
stages occur, meiosis is "sporic"

In short 3
 Two types of plant bodies are formed:

Gametophyte and Sporophyte

Generations 4
GAMETOPHYTE
Is the gametes producing plant.

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SPOROPHYTE
Is the spores producing plant.

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 Pattern 3: Haplodiplontic
Life Cycle
In this type the haploid and diploid phases are equally prominent and
are represented by two distinct vegetative individuals. They differ only
in chromosome number and function. The haploid gametophytic
plant reproduces by sexual method, while diploid sporophytic plant
by asexual process. In this life cycle alternation of two vegetative
individuals occurs by sporogenic meiosis and fusion of gametes.

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 Haplodiplontic Life Cycle
In sporic meiosis (also commonly known
as intermediary meiosis), the zygote
divides mitotically to produce a
multicellular diploid sporophyte. The
sporophyte creates spores via meiosis
which also then divide mitotically
producing haploid individuals
called gametophytes.
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The HCL 9
Bryophytes and Pteridophytes show
an intermediate condition called
the haplo-diplontic life cycle,
where phases are multicellular.
But the dominant phase differs. In
Bryophytes, the dominant phase is
the gametophyte and in
Pteridophytes, it is the
sporophyte.
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 BYROPHYTE
o are an informal group consisting of
three divisions of non-vascular land
plants (embryophytes): the liverworts,
hornworts and mosses
o They are characteristically limited in
size and prefer moist habitats although
they can survive in drier
environments.[2]
o The term "bryophyte" comes
from Greek βρύον, bryon "tree-moss,
oyster-green" and φυτόν, phyton"plant".
o The bryophytes consist of about 20,000
plant species.
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 PTERIDOPHYTE
o is a vascular
plant (with xylem and phloem) that
disperses spores (and lacks seeds).
Because pteridophytes produce
neither flowers nor seeds, they are also
referred to as "cryptogams".
o Many ferns from tropical rain forests
are epiphytes, which means they only
grow on other plant species; their water
comes from the damp air or from rainfall
running down branches and tree trunks.
o There are around 13,000 species
of Pteridophytes.
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 An alternation of generations
defines the haploid-diploid, or
1n-2n, life cycle. This occurs
when a multicellular 2n sporophyte
(SPT) phase alternates with a
multicellular 1n gametophyte(GPT)
phase.

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 This alternation of generations
creates a morphologically complex
life cycle, depending on the
similarity or dissimilarity of the
GPT and SPT and the nature of the
spores.

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 There can be an alternation of similar
generations, isomorphic alternation of
generations, where the GPT and SPT are
morphologically identical, except for the
reproductive structures. On the other hand,
there can also be an alternation of
dissimilar generations, heteromorphic
alternation of generations, when the GPT and
SPT are morphologically different.

Similarity or Dissimilarity of GPT and SPT 15

 Some 1n-2n plants have only one
morphological type of spore, and are called
homosporous. Heterosporous plants have two
morphologically different types of spores.
They have male spores called microspores and
female spores called megaspores. All GPT
dominant plants are homosporous, where as
SPT dominant plants can be either
homosporous or heterosporous.

Nature of the Spores 16

 In haplo-diplontic, the mitoses occur in
both diploid and haploid cells. Such
organism go during their life cycle through
a phase in which they are multicellular and
haploid (the gametophyte), and a phase in
which they are multicellular and diploid
(the sporophyte). The phenomenon is called
"alternation of generation".
This haplo-diplontic type of cycle is found
in all land plants and in many algae.

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Haplodiplonts are:
× In archaeplastidans: red algae , some green
algae
× In stramenopiles: most brown algae
× In rhizarians: many foraminiferans
× In amoebozoa: myxogastrids
× In opisthokonts: some fungi (some ascomycetes)
× Other eukaryotes: haptophytes

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Some Red Algae and
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Some Green Algae
Some Brown Alage 20
Many Foraminifera's 21
Myxogastrids 22
Ascomycetes 23
 z

Haptophytes 24