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Sri Hainil,S.Si,M.farm,Apt
What is Toxicology?
- metals
- petroleum products
- wastes of paper and pulp industry
- air pollutants
- animal and plant toxins.
Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism or biotransformation
Excretion
Variations in toxic response
Selective toxicity
Genetic polymorphism
Species differences
How does body detoxify?
How are toxicants metabolized?
As with therapeutic drugs, balance of
Phase I and Phase II enzymes is most
important
Not static or predictable
Variables include:
– Developmental age
– Pre-existing disease
– History of exposure
– Nutrition
– Interactions with other drugs and chemicals
– Lifestyle: smoking and ethanol
Carcinogenesis
It caused shortening or
complete absence of limbs.
Methyl mercury
Alcohol
Diethyl stilbestrol (DES)-
a synthetic estrogen
Reproductive toxicity
Neurotoxicity:
•Examples:
–Lead,