Professional Documents
Culture Documents
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Codes
API 579
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API 579
API 579
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API 579 Overview of Damage
Assessment Procedures
Section
1 Introduction and Scope
2 Outline of Overall Methodology
3 Brittle Fracture
4 General Metal Loss
5 Local Metal Loss
6 Pitting Corrosion
7 Blisters and Laminations
8 Weld Misalignments and Shell Distortions
9 Crack Like Flaws
10 High Temp. Operation and Creep
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API 579 Methodology for All Damage
Types
1 Flaw and damage mechanism identification
2 Applicability and limitations of the FFS
assessment procedures
3 Data requirements
4 Assessment techniques and acceptance criteria
5 Remaining life evaluation
6 Remediation
7 In-service monitoring
8 Documentation
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Assessment Levels
API 579
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API 579 Applicability and Limitations of
the Procedure : Level 1
• Geometries
– Flat plate, cylinder or sphere
– R/t > 5
– t < 38 mm
– Away from major structural discontinuity
• Loads
– Only membrane stress field, within design limits
• Material
– C-Steel with specified max. tensile prop. And
min. fracture properties
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Data Requirement
API 579
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Flaw Characterization (Shape)
API 579
Surface Flaw
Embedded Flaw
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API 579 Flaw Characterization (length) when
flaw is not normal to principal stress
direction
• Conservative Option
– Co (measured length), C (length used in
calculations, normal to max. stresses)
– Take C = Co
• Equivalent flaw length
– Inclined cracks -> align itself perpendicular
to the applied stress
– Mixed mode to Mode I crack
– Equivalent Mode I from energy
considerations
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API 579
Flaw Characterization (Length)
c c0 f 1 , 2 ,
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API 579
Flaw Characterization (depth)
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Flaw Characterization (Depth)
API 579
a aoW
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API 579
Flaw Characterization (Branch Crack)
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API 579
Flaw Characterization (Multiple Cracks)
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API 579 Level 1 Analysis
• STEP 1 – Determine the load cases and temperatures:
operating and design conditions.
• STEP 2 – Determine the length and depth of the crack:
characterize
• STEP 3 – Determine the case from the list below
o Flat Plate, Crack-Like Flaw Parallel To Joint
o Cylinder, Longitudinal Joint, Crack-Like Flaw Parallel To Joint
o Cylinder, Longitudinal Joint, Crack-Like Perpendicular To Joint
o Cylinder, Circumferential Joint, Crack-Like Flaw Parallel To
Joint
o Cylinder, Circumferential Joint, Crack-Like Flaw Perpendicular
To Joint
o Sphere, Circumferential Joint, Crack-Like Flaw Parallel To Joint
o Sphere, Circumferential Joint, Crack-Like Flaw Perpendicular
To Joint
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API 579 Level 1 analysis
¼ t, flaw
t flaw
K r f Lr
KI
K '
r
K mat
ref
L '
ys
r
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Advantages of FAD
API 579
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Level 2 Analysis
API 579
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Level 2 Analysis
API 579
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Level 2 Analysis
API 579
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API 579 Need for Partial safety Factors
(PSF)
Consider a Design
R = L1 + L2 + L3
Let the factor of safety be 1.5
Thus:
R/(L1+L2+L3) = 1.5
R 0.1
L1 0.1
L2 0.2
L3 0.3
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Reliability Index
API 579
m R m1 m 2 m 3
2
R
2
1
2
2
2
3
m1 m2 m3 Sm Pf
Brittle Ductile
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Level 2 Analysis
API 579
Lr
p ref
y
8 – Compute the stress intensity attributed to the
primary loads
9 – Compute the reference stress for secondary and
residual stresses (used for F)
10 – Compute the stress intensity attributed to the
secondary and residual stresses
11 – Compute the plasticity interaction factor, F in
presence of secondary loads
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Level 2 Analysis
API 579
K IP FK ISR
12 – Determine toughness ratio Kr
K mat
13 – Evaluate results on FAD
K r 1 0.14 LPr
2
0.3 0.7 exp 0.65 LPr for LPr LPr (max)
6
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Level 2 Analysis
API 579
0.7
Kr
0
0 0.2 0.4 Lr 0.6 0.8 1
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Residual Stress Profiles
API 579
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Residual stress profiles
API 579
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Data required
API 579
t 1 es es
t ln 1 es
Where subscripts t = true, es = engineering
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Level 3 Analysis
API 579
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Level 3 Analysis
API 579
• BS PD6493 or BS 7910
• Nuclear Electric R-6
• SAQ/FoU Report 96/08
• WES 2805 – 1997
• DPFAD Methodology
• EPFM using the J-integral
• The J-integral-Tearing Modulus method
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API 579 Remaining Life Assessment
(RLA)
• Sub-critical Crack Growth
– Crack growth by fatigue
– Crack growth by stress corrosion cracking
– Crack growth by hydrogen assisted cracking
– Crack growth by corrosion fatigue
• Growth of a pre-existing crack is controlled by a
crack tip stress intensity factor
• Laws for crack growth rates for these mechanisms
have been provided in Appendix F
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Difficulties in RLA
API 579
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Procedure for RLA
API 579
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Procedure for RLA
API 579
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Procedure for RLA
API 579
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Leak Before Break
API 579
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LBB Procedure Limitations
API 579
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LBB Limitations
API 579
Flaw growth in
predominantly length
direction
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LBB Limitations
API 579
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LBB Procedure
API 579
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Remediation
API 579
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Example Calculation
API 579
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Solution
API 579
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FAD
API 579
0.4
0.2
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
Lr
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API 579
Thank You
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