HOOLIGANISM IN THE UK.

A hooligan is defined as “a violet

young troublemaker, typically one of
a gang”.

The term is deeply evocative,

bringing to mind the violent and
tragic clashes between rival
supporters in the later decades of
WHAT IS A HOOLIGAN?
the twentieth century.
 Football originated was a game
played between villages, but it was
so violent… It was little more than
an excuse for feuding villagers to
beat the crap out of each
other...Teams from rival villages
would essentially battle with each
other.
FOOTBALL ORIGINS
Football was frequently played on
Shrove Tuesdays and other Holy
Violent outbreaks were reported at
matches, with the riot act having to
be read out at a game in Derby in
1846.

In 1880, the practice of “pitch

invasions” had become common in
British football.
1800’s
In 1885, Preston’s 5-0 friendly win
Violence continued, with mobs either attacking the
opposition’s fans or on occasion the players
themselves.

One of the most shocking outbreaks of violence

came in Glasgow in 1909 at a game between Celtic
and Glasgow. Reports claimed that up to 6.000
spectators were involved and 50 policemen were
1900’s
seriously injured.
New kind of organization where social unrest was
planned rather than just occurring in sporadic
outbursts.

Groups of football hooligans gathered together into

firms, travelling the country and battling with fans of
rival teams.
1960: THE ENGLISH DISEASE.
Here was when Hooliganism began as we know it,
thanks to the postwar emergence of working class
In 1974 when Man. Utd. Was relegated to the
Second Division, the Red Army caused mayhem
at grounds up and down the country.

Also, a Bolton Wanderers fan stabbed a young

Blackpool fan to death during a Second Division
match.
70’s
These two events led to introduction of crowd
segregation and the erection of fences at football
Clubs which had rarely experienced hooliganism
feared hooliganism coming to their towns.

British supporters were making frequent

incursions into Europe to attend games and
partake in ritualized violence against rival firms,
locals, and any unaffiliated citizens unfortunate
enough to cross their paths after a game.
80’s
On 1 May 1982, after a London derby between
HEYSEL STADIUM DISASTER.
 On 29 May 1985, the situation reached a tragic
conclusion in the European Cup final between
Juventus and Liverpool.

 The situation turned violent shortly before kick-off.

 Small group of English and Italian supporters

started fighting each other outside, but the fight
continued on the inside.
LATE 80’s

 In the late 80’s, the introduction of stadium

seating, closed-circuit tv, hand-held cameras,
the use of photophone and a grater police
presence at stadia, gradually calmed down
hooliganism. Violence still occurred, but it was
generally isolated to clashes between small
groups of fans.
90’s
 By 1990, the
hooliganism problem in
English football had
reduced to the extent
that UEFA lifted its ban
on English clubs in
European competitions.
2000’s
 English hooligans began using Internet forums,
mobile phones and text messages to set up
fights or provoke rival gangs into brawls.

 The English reputation improved as a result of

good behaviour at the 2002 FIFA World Cup and
the 2004 UEFA European Football
Championship.
2010’s
 Football hooliganism raised again.
 Cass Pennant, a former football hooligan, said
that the rise in football hooliganism was the
result of rising unemployment, poverty and
social discontent.

 On 1 December 2010, supporters of Aston Villa

and Birmingham City clashed after a derby
match, and 14 people were injured. Missiles
MEDIA
 It contributed to the rise
of hooliganism, as well.

 Journalists are present

at every single match
across England,
everything catches the
eye of the press but not
only journalism is
RACISM
 This is clearly a
problematic subject in
the world of football and
is directly linked to
hooliganism.

 Racist chants like: “We

all agree, Niggers burn
ANTI-RACISM CAMPAIGNS
 Racism have been
trying to be stopped
through the years.

 The best known

campaigns is UEFA’s
“No to Racism” with the
goal to eliminate
CONCLUSION
 Is football hooliganism still as
active now as it was during
the “English Disease”?

 Football violence has

decreased massively and is
still decreasing, making it not
as active as it was during the