 Territorial water (baseline to 12NM) - all

applicable laws of the state apply within these

waters.

 Contiguous Zone (12NM to 24NM) - A zone

of the sea beyond the territorial seas of a
nation, over which it claims exclusive rights.
Customs, Immigration and Quarantine laws
apply up to the Contiguous Zone

 Exclusive Economic Zone (baseline to

200NM) - a zone beyond and adjacent to the
territorial sea in which a coastal state has:
sovereign rights for the purpose of exploring
and exploiting, conserving and managing the
natural resources and with regard to other
activities for the economic exploitation and
exploration of the zone
 Extended Continental Shelf (up to 350 NM) – the continental shelf is that part of
the seabed over which a coastal State exercises sovereign rights with regard to the
exploration and exploitation of natural resources including oil and gas deposits as
well as other minerals and biological resources of the seabed. Exploitation of the
ECS only applies to the seabed and does not include the column of water above it.

 Municipal fishing area – this includes not only streams, lakes, and tidal waters
within the municipality, but also marine waters within 3 nautical miles of the
municipal coastline. Both marine and freshwater (inland) fishing are classified as
municipal fisheries and are roughly equivalent to artisanal, small-scale or traditional
fisheries.
 Treaty of Paris
limits

Territorial sea
BdM

Exclusive
Economic Zone

Spratlys
Archipelagic waters
 The waters off Batanes' coasts
are still part of the Philippines'
Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ)
due to its inclusion in the country's
200-mile EEZ. It appears that the
Philippines and Taiwan have
overlapping EEZs.

According to the BFAR Director

Asis Perez, the country’s EEZ from
the tip of Itbayat Island will cover
the ​mainland waters of Taipei, the
capital of Taiwan.
Director BFAR also said that
the dispute could not easily
be resolved due to the One-
China policy, which prevents
the Philippines from
establishing direct diplomatic
relations with Taiwan.
CHINA’S FIVE-YEAR PLAN (2011-2015)

 Beijing has designated the South China

Sea (SCS) as a “core interest,”
making it a non-negotiable territorial
sovereignty issue
 China has expanded efforts to establish
influence in the disputed maritime area,
posing a critical security challenge to
the ASEAN, particularly to the
Philippines
CHINA’S FIVE-YEAR PLAN (2011-2015)

 Beijing has designated the

South China Sea (SCS) as a
“core interest,” making it a
non-negotiable territorial
sovereignty issue
 China has expanded efforts to
establish influence in the
disputed maritime area, posing
a critical security challenge to
the ASEAN, particularly to the
Philippines
 South China Sea refers to the
entirety of the disputed maritime
territory while the term West
Philippine Sea (WPS) constitutes
only the areas claimed by the
Philippines
West
 Refers to the maritime areas on the Philippine
BdM
western side of the PHL Sea
archipelago
 Luzon Sea and the waters around,
within and adjacent to the
KIG
Kalayaan Island Group and Bajo
de Masinloc
CHINA’S STRATEGIC
OBJECTIVE
 Anchored on the desired end-state of
“National Rejuvenation” by 2050 that
entails securing its core interests
related to the SCS issue
 Sovereignty and territorial integrity, which
justifies China’s claims
 Sustainable development, which
rationalizes its desire to control
commercial sea lines of communication
and natural resources
CHINA’S STRATEGIC
OBJECTIVE
China became more assertive
due to:
 Growing importance
of maritime trade
route
 Increasing desire for
offshore energy
deposits
 Benefit to be gained
from the fishery and
marine resources
CHINA’S ACTIVITIES IN
THE WPS
 China continues to maintain aggressive
posturing and effective control over the
West Philippine Sea (WPS) and the
entire South China Sea (SCS)
 To strengthen
territorial claim
 To safeguard
national interest in
the disputed
maritime area
 LAND RECLAMATION AND
CONSTRUCTION
CHINESE OCCUPIED FEATURES IN KIG AND
DISTANCE
ZAMORA (SUBI) REEF CLOSEST TO PALAWAN
N
GAVEN REEF

CHIGUA (KENNAN)
REEF

KAGITINGAN (FIERY
CROSS) REEF
PALAWAN
CALDERON
(CUARTERON) REEF

MABINI (JOHNSON)
REEF
PANGANIBAN
(MISCHIEF) REEF
 LAND RECLAMATION AND
CONSTRUCTION
CHINESE OCCUPIED FEATURES IN KIG AND
DISTANCE
ZAMORA (SUBI) REEF CLOSEST TO PALAWAN
233.7NM from Latud N
Pt, Rizal
GAVEN REEF
204.1NM from Latud
Pt, Rizal
CHIGUA (KENNA)
REEF
180.6NM from Latud
KAGITINGAN
Pt, Rizal(FIERY
CROSS) REEF
263.4NM from Latud PALAWAN
CALDERON
Pt, Rizal
(CUARTERON) REEF
266.5NM from Latud
MABINI
Pt,(JOHNSON)
Rizal
REEF
189.1NM from Latud
PANGANIBAN
Pt, Rizal
(MISCHIEF) REEF Three (3) Reefs are
134NM from Sicud Pt, within the PHL
Rizal
Exclusive Economic
Zone (EEZ)
 LAND RECLAMATION AND
CONSTRUCTION
Most of the original structures in Chinese-occupied features
had a standard set of equipment Piers
 Communications
 2-3 naval guns
equipment
 Light machine guns  Helip
ads
 Observation platforms
KAGITINGAN (FIERY CROSS) REEF

China continues to achieve significant

progress in developing and fortifying her
occupied features
PIE HELIP
R AD

Pre-DoC and Post-DoC Pre-BdM and Post-BdM

DEPLOYMENT OF SURVEY
VESSELS

 China has also been monitored actively

conducting exploration activities, which
could be for mapping and surveying
purposes