Milling

Dosen : Ir. Amiadji ,MM.,M.Sc.

Oleh :
Irland Agusta Riyan Irawan
04211841000024
Teknik Sistem Perkapalan
What is Milling?
Milling

Milling is the machining process of using rotary cutters to remove

material from a workpiece advancing (or feeding) in a direction at an
angle with the axis of the tool. So that the workpiece can be shaped
according to its needs.
Milling Machine
Type of Milling Machine

 Column
This is the most common milling machine, which has 5 basic
components, They are the work table, saddle, head, knee, and
over arm. Considered as the simplest machine type, its cutting
device is vertically suspended to allow drilling of metals.
Turret
The turret is also known as the Bridgeport-type and can be
repositioned anytime you want making this machine very
functional.
 C-frame
Because it is sturdier than a turret, this type is popular in industrial
settings. It comes with a hydraulic motor, which makes it very powerful.
 Horizontal
This machine runs parallel to the ground. The table from which the
object to be worked on is placed moves sideways while the cutting
device goes up and down.
 Bed type
The worktable is located on the bed itself, instead of being paced on top, its
usual position. The knee part of the machine is omitted to allow movement
in a longitudinal direction.
 Planer-style
This machine type is basically the same as the bed mill. However, the
planner-style includes cutters and heads that allow for a wider range of
milling actions.
 Tracer controlled
This type of machine has the ability to reproduce parts based on a master
model.
Types of Milling Cutters Used in
Machining Process
Principal of Milling Machine

Milling operates on the principle of rotary motion. A milling cutter is spun

about an axis while a workpiece is advanced through it in such a way that
the blades of the cutter are able to shave chips of material with each
pass.
Milling Machine Parts

Base:
It is the foundation part of a milling machine. All other parts are jointed on
it. It carries the entire load so it should have high compressive strength so it
is made by cast iron. It also works as reservoir of cutting fluid.
Column:
It is mountain vertically on the base. It supports the knee, table etc. Work
as housing for the all the other driving member.it is a hollow member which
contains driving gears and sometimes motor for spindle and the table.
Knee:
It is made by cast iron and moves vertically on slideways It moves up and down on
sideways which change the distance between tool and workpiece It is driven by
mechanically or hydraulically.
Saddle:
The main function of it is to provide motion in horizontal direction to work piece. It is
also made by cast iron.
Table:
Table is situated over the knee. It is the part of machine which holds the work piece
while machining. It is made by cast iron and have T slot cut over it. The work piece
clamp over it by using clamping bolts. The one end of clamping bolt fix into this slot
and other is fix to work piece which hold the work piece. It can provide three degree
of freedom to work piece.
Overhanging arm:
It is situated over the column on horizontal milling machine. It is
overhang over the column surface and other end supports the arbor. It is
made by cast iron.
Spindle:
It is a moving part which is in rotary motion. It is motor driven and drives
the tool. It has a slot on the front end of it. The cutting tool fix in that
slot.
Arbor:
It is fitted on the spindle whenever required. It holds the tool and moves
it in correct direction.
Arbor Supports:
This are used to support arbor at right place. One end of this support is
jointed at the overhanging arm and another is jointed with arbor.
Milling head:
It is upper section of vertical milling machine. It consist spindle, driving
motor and other controlling mechanism.
Ram:
Ram is work as overhanging arm in vertical milling machine. One end of
the arm is attached to the column and other end to the milling head.
Horizontal Milling Machines

The Horizontal Milling Machine is a very robust and sturdy machine. A variety
of cutters are available to removed/shape material that is normally held in a
strong machine vice. This horizontal miller is used when a vertical miller is
less suitable. For instance, if a lot of material has to be removed by the
cutters or there is less of a need for accuracy - a horizontal milling machine is
chosen.
Cutter of Horizontal Milling Machine

The cutter can be changed very easily. The arbor bracket is removed by
loosening nuts and bolts that hold the arbor firmly in position. The arbor
can be slid off the over arm. The spacers are then removed as well as the
original cutter. The new cutter is placed in position, spacers slid back
onto the arbor and the arbor bracket tightened back in position.
Dividing Head

Equipment used to divide the circumference of workpieces for a

type of work.
How to used dividing head?

Worm gears and worm threads have a 40: 1 rotation ratio. meaning that
if the crank is rotated 40 turns then the new worm gear rotates one
round so, can be calculated by the equation:
N = crank rotation
Z = number of shares needed
40 = transmission ratio number
The Working Principal of The Diving
Head

• On the dividing shaft a worm wheel (screw wheel) is installed b. At the wheel of this worm works a
worm (screw) c, which can be rotated with the help of crank f.
• The crank pen can be adjusted inward. Thus various circles of holes from the d divider plate can be
used.
• The dividing plate that can be swapped and rotated against the worm shaft can be attached to the
dividing head frame with help e. Then a pair of scissors is installed with h feet that can be adjusted.
The front of the dividing shaft is equipped with screw thread for mounting dividing plates if needed.
• In connection with the possibility of looseness between the worm and the worm wheel, the crank
must always be rotated in the same direction, so that the crank is not allowed to be played back
during the distribution. When the crank is rotated too far it is must be rolled back as much as about
half a round before it can be done again in the right direction.
Working of Milling Machine
1. First the cutting tool is set at the arbor which is connected to the
spindle.
2. The knee is moved downward.
3. Now the work piece is clamped on the table by using clamping screw.
4. All the controlling points are set to zero like knee position, saddle
position etc.
5. Now the spindle starts to rotate which further rotates the cutting tool.
6. As the tool is moving, we move the work piece as required by moving
the knee, saddle and table.
7. The controlling axis move the work piece and cut the desire shape on
it. The tool remains stationary and only in rotary motion.