Water treatment Plant

• Introduction
• Problem s & Solutions

RO Plant
 Introduction To WTP

 Raw water source

 Raw water reservoir
 RO Pre-treatment system
 RO plant
 DM plant
 Three well water turbines located at APL site with pumping
capacity of 155 cubic meter each.
 Raw water reservoir consist of two cells and have overall
capacity of 9500 cubic meter.
 RO treatment consists of multi grade filter and Cartridge
filters which removes TSS from feed water and prepare for
RO plant.
 SDI ( plugging factor) of RO plant must be <3 in RO feed
water .
 RO plant & Demineralization Plant

 RO plant is double stage and single pass have production

capacity of 45 Cubic meter/Hr permeate.
 Permeate water passes through degasser which removes
dissolved CO2 and then water goes for Demineralization
plant.
 Demineralization system consists of two Mixed Bed Ion
exchange polishers have production capacity of 38 cubic
meter/Hr.
 Problems & Solutions at RO plant
Problems Solutions
 Biological Fouling  Proper Biocide during operation
 Scaling and deposition and non operation period.
 Iron fouling  To remove scaling and deposition,
 Silt Density Index
Online acid injected and also
periodic chemical cleaning done as
per requirement.
 To prevent from iron fouling and
high TSS, we are using Suji sand
(Silica Sand) in MGF which is very
effective in removal of Iron ,
Biological growth and TSS by
mechanical filtration.
Boiler water Chemistry
 Purpose of Boiler Water Treatment
 To remove hardness producing salts by blow down as non-adherent
sludge.
 To inhibit the corrosion & scaling in the system.
 To maintain the magnetite layer in the system.
 To remove oxygen by (Chemical De-Aeration)dosing oxygen scavenger.
 To maintain PH in the system.
Chemical Treatment
 Nalco Eliminox ( Oxygen scavenger)
 Tri Sodium Phosphate
 Nalco Tri-Act 2813 ( Neutralizing Amine)
Boiler Water Requirements as per OEM (DESCON Engineering)
Parameter Limits/Unit Required Values Actual Values

pH - 9.0-10.0 9.6

Conductivity µs/cm ˂150 50

Silica ppm ˂4.0 ˂1.0

Phosphate ppm 4-6 5

Iron ppm As per CF 0.02

Copper ppm As per CF 0.003

Total Alkalinity ppm ppm 14

Chlorides ppm ppm 1.0

 Steam Quality as per Standard
Parameter Limits/Unit Required Values Actual Values

Conductivity µs/cm ˂0.2 0.2

Silica ˂0.02 ˂0.02 0.014

Total Iron ˂0.02 ˂0.02 0.01

Total Copper ˂0.003 ˂0.003 0.001

Sodium ˂0.01 ˂0.01 ND

 Cooling Tower Treatment
Cooling Water Treatment Window

PARAMETER CONTROL RANGE

pH 7.9-8.1
Conductivity < 4700 us/cm
Calcium Hardness < 470 ppm
Mg Hardness < 310 ppm
Silica as SiO2 < 85 ppm
M-Alkalinity < 250 ppm
Ortho-Phosphate 6 –8 ppm
Cooling water Total Iron < 3 ppm
T-Zn 0.5-2.0 ppm
Mild Steel - Corrosion Rate < 3 Mpy
Free-Chlorine 0.2-0.4 ppm
Total Bacterial Counts < 10^4 CFU/ml
COC 3 (season and off season)
Problem & solutions in C/T
Problems Solutions
 High amount of blow down  Improved feed water filtration
 Higher-quality side-stream
filtration
 Increased cycle of concentration
 Maintaining better makeup
water chemistry by removing
scale forming and corrosion
causing impurities.
 Change or closely manage the
cooling tower feed chemistry
program.
 Problems
 Low cycle of concentration
 Scale formation
 Biological Growth
Solutions
 Maintain better makeup water
chemistry to achieve over five
COC.
 pH/alkalinity control to
minimize scale formation.
 Decrease feed hardness, iron
and silica.
 Manage microbial growth by
dosing Sodium Hypo Chlorite
Cooling Tower Corrosion Graph
 Thanks for participation

Hafiz Muhammad Ilyas Mian

Chief plant Chemist CO.Gen IPP, USM, JDW-II.