MORPHOLOGY

(REVIEW EXERCISES)
LI 2013 NATHALIE F. MARTIN
 Morphemes

WORDS: SIMPLE OR COMPLEX?

MORPHEMES: FREE OR BOUND?
 Question #1, p.139 O’Grady,2009

Are these words simple or complex?

Circle the bound morphemes.

a. Fly  Simple, no bm
b. Desks  Complex, -s
c. Untie  Complex, un-
d. Tree  Simple, no bm
e. Dislike  Complex, dis-

O’Grady, 2009
 Question #1, p.139 O’Grady,2009

Are these words simple or complex?

Circle the bound morphemes.

e. Dislike  Complex, dis-

f. Reuse  Complex, re-
g. Triumphed  Complex, -ed
h. Delight  Simple, no bm
i. Justly  Complex, -ly

O’Grady, 2009
Question #1, p.91-92, Rowe & Levine

Put a plus (+) sign between morphemes.

Label each as bound (b) or free (f)

a. Telephone a. Tele (b) + phone (f)

b. Infirm b. In (b) + firm (f)
c. Farm c. Farm (f)
d. Reformers d. Re (b) + form (f) + er (b) + s (b)
e. Ranchers e. Ranch (f) + er (b) + s (b)

Rowe & Levine, 2012

Question #1, p.91-92, Rowe & Levine

Put a plus (+) sign between morphemes.

Label each as bound (b) or free (f)

f. Actor f. Act (f) + or (b)

g. Inaccessibility g. In (b)+access(f)+ibil(b)+ity(b)
h. Ducklings h. Duck (f) + ling (b) + s (b)
i. Countess i. Count (f) + ess (b)
j. Boysenberry j. Boyen (b) + berry (f)

Rowe & Levine, 2012

Lexical Categories
 Exercise: Word class

Determine the word class of each of the following words.

Is it a content word of a function word?
a. betterment a. Noun
b. the b. Determiner
c. him c. Pronoun
d. elegant d. Adjective
e. inconvenience e. Noun
f. eloquently f. Adverb
g. comply g. Verb
h. inasmuch as h. Conjunction
i. over i. Preposition
Compound Words
Question #1, part B, p.92-93, Rowe & Levine

Determine the lexical category of these compound word.

a. Textbook a. NOUN NOUN
b. Hot dog b. ADJ NOUN
c. Beachcomer c. NOUN NOUN
d. Bunkhouse d. NOUN NOUN
e. Blacktop e. ADJ NOUN
f. Into f. PREP PREP
g. Forerunner g. PREP NOUN

Rowe & Levine, 2012

Question #1, part B, p.92-93, Rowe & Levine

Determine the lexical category of these compound word.

h. Takeover h. VERB PREP
i. Crybaby i. VERB NOUN
j. Workman j. VERB NOUN
k. Downshift k. ADV VERB
l. Empty-handed l. ADJ ADJ

Rowe & Levine, 2012

Affixation
and Trees
 Analyzing Word Structure

Underline the root. Circle the affix.

And draw their tree structure.
a. Payment
b. Spiteful g. Preplan
c. Suite h. Optionality
d. Fastest i. Prettier
e. Deform j. Mistreat
f. Disobey k. Premature
 Analyzing Word Structure

Underline the root. Circle the affix.

And draw their tree structure.
a. Payment g. Preplan
b. Spiteful
h. Optionality
c. Suite i. Prettier
d. Fastest j. Mistreat
e. Deform
k. Premature
f. Disobey
 Word Structure - Trees

 Draw the trees.

a) b)

Reference: O’Grady & al. (2009)

 Correction of last week’s homework

 Draw the tres.

c)

Reference: O’Grady & al. (2009)

 Bound Morphemes:
Inflectional or Derivational?
 Describe the italic affixes:

1) impossible 1) Derivational prefix

2) terrorized 2) Inflectional suffix
3) terrorize 3) Derivational suffix
4) desks 4) Inflectional suffix
5) dislike 5) Derivational prefix
6) humanity 6) Derivational suffix
7) fastest 7) Inflectional suffix
Describe the italic affixes:

8) premature 8) Derivational prefix

9) untie 9) Derivational prefix
10) darken 10) Derivational suffix
11) fallen 11) Inflectional suffix
12) oxen 12) Inflectional suffix
13) faster 13) Inflectional suffix
14) lecturer 14) Derivational suffix
Exercise 2, p.94, Rowe & Levine
Place a plus (+) sign between each morpheme
Label each BM as derivational (D) on inflectional (I).
a. Bill’s a. BILL + ‘S (I)
b. Running b. RUN + ING (I)
c. Player c. PLAY + ER (D) *
d. Action d. ACT + ION (D)
e. Roughest e. ROUGH + EST (I)
f. Comes f. COME + S (I)
g. Friendly g. FRIEND + LY (D)
Rowe & Levine, 2012
Exercise 2, p.94, Rowe & Levine
Place a plus (+) sign between each morpheme
Label each as derivational (D) on inflectional (I).
h. Unfriendly h. UN (D) + FRIEND + LY (D)
i. Longer i. LONG + ER (I)
j. Loveable j. LOVE + ABLE (D)
k. Judgment k. JUDGE + MENT (D)
l. Banana l. BANANA
m. Slowest m. SLOW + EST (I)
n. Quicker n. QUICK + ER (I)
Rowe & Levine, 2012
Exercise 2, p.94, Rowe & Levine
Place a plus (+) sign between each morpheme
Label each as derivational (D) on inflectional (I).
o. Unhappy o. UN (D) + HAPPY
p. Semicircle p. SEMI (D) + CIRCLE
q. Nobody q. NOBODY
r. Aaron’s r. AARON + ‘S (I)
s. Broken (adj) s. BROKE + EN (D) *
s. Broken (v) t. BROKE + EN (I) *
t. Happily u. HAPPY + LY (D)
Rowe & Levine, 2012
Word Formation Process

HOW TO NEW WORDS ARE CREATED

 New Word Formation Process

 Name all ten word formation processes seen

in class:
 Derivation
 Compounding
 Conversion
 Clipping
 Blending
 Back-formation
 Acronyms
 Onomatopoeia
 Eponyms & Trade names
 Foreign word borrowing
 SUFFIXOCATING !!!

 Can you find the different affixes in this cartoon?

 What was the word process used for the word
« suffixocating »
 Complete the process and
Identify the type of word formation:

1. Return on Investment  ROI  acronym

2. information, entertainment  Infotainment  blends
3. modulator, demodulator  Modem  blends
4. love, seat  Loveseat  compounding
5. International, police  Interpol  blends
6. A comb  To comb  conversion
7. delicatessen  Deli  clipping
8. Capt. Charles Cunningham Boycott  Boycott  eponym
 Homework - Ex 19, p. 144

a) Automation  automate a) Backformation

b) Humid  humidifier b) Derivation
c) Information, entertainment  c) Blending
 infotainment
d) Loveseat  loveseat
d) Compounding
e) Progress  progress
e) Conversion
f) Typographical error  typo
g)
f)
Aerobics, marathon  aerobathon Clipping
h) Act  deactivate g) Blending
i) Curve, ball  curve ball h) Derivation
i) Compounding
O’Grady, 2009
 Homework - Ex 19, p. 144

j) Perambulator  pram j) Clipping

k) (the) comb  comb (your hair) k) Conversion
l) Beef, buffalo  beefalo l) Blend
m) Random access memory  RAM m) Acronym
n) Megabyte  meg n) Clipping
o) Teleprinter, exchanger  telex o) Blend
p) Influenza  flu p) Clipping
q) GST  Goods and Services Tax q) Initialism

O’Grady, 2009
 Let’s invent words!

 Invent words that don’t already exist in English, and

then define the process that was used to creat this
word.
Overall Review
 Morphology

Invent a word using this root : VACUUM

1. by adding a prefix to this base (make sure that there are

no constrains to the combination).
2. And then adding a suffix.
3. Draw the structure (tree) of the two words that you have
just created.
4. What are the lexical categories of these words?