TURBO CHARGER

AND
PERFORMANCE OF I.C. ENGINES

Name: Nikhil Shivajirao Yadav

Roll no: 154
Class: TE Mechanical
Div: B
Batch: B2
A naturally-aspirated engine
• Common type reciprocating piston I.C engine.
• Depends solely on atmospheric pressure to counter the partial
vacuum in the induction tract to draw in combustion air.
• Due to restriction at intake track, a small pressure drop occurs as
air is drawn in.
• Resulting in a volumetric efficiency of less than 100 percent.
Overcoming the drawback
SUPERCHARGER
• An air compressor used for forced induction of an internal
combustion engine.
• The greater mass flow-rate provides more oxygen to support
combustion.
• A turbine-driven supercharger is known as a turbocharger.
The Turbocharger
• Small radial fan pump driven by the energy of the exhaust gases
of an engine
• Turbocharger consists of a turbine and a compressor on a shared
shaft.
• Converts exhaust heat to rotational force
• Drives the compressor
• The compressor draws in ambient air and pumps it in to the
intake manifold at increased pressure
Schematic diagram of a turbo charger
fig:01
Benefits of a Turbocharged
engine
• A greater mass of air (oxygen) will be forced in as the inlet
manifold pressure increases.
• Maintains the combustion chamber pressure and fuel/air load.
• Increases the power and torque output of the engine high engine
revolution speeds.
• The increase in the inlet pressure of air by any means is called as
boost.
History of Turbocharger
• During the First World War French engineer Auguste Rateau
fitted turbochargers to Renault engines powering various French
fighters with some success.
• Turbochargers were first used in production aircraft engines in
the 1920’s.
• Compensating for the lower atmospheric pressure present at
high altitude.
• The first turbocharged diesel truck was produced by Schweizer
Maschinenfabrik Saurer (Swiss Machine Works Saurer) in 1938.
Components of a
Turbocharger
• Turbine
• Impeller
• Compressor
• Housings
• Waste gates
• Oil water pumping
• Bearing system

Fig:02
Turbine housing
• The housings fitted around the compressor impeller and turbine
• Turbine collect and direct the gas flow through the wheels as
they spin.
• The size and shape dictates the performance characteristics
• manufactured in various grades of spheroidal graphite iron to
deal with thermal fatigue and wheel burst containment.
Turbine wheel
• The Turbine Wheel is housed in the turbine casing
• It is connected to a shaft that in turn rotates the compressor wheel.

Fig:03
Compressor
• Accurate blade sections and profiles are

important in achieving performance.

• Back face profile machining optimizes

impeller stress conditions

• The impeller is located on the shaft

assembly using a threaded nut.

• Compressor housings are made in cast aluminum
Blow off valves
• A pressure relief device on the intake tract to prevent the turbo
compressor from going into surge.

• The BOV should be installed between the compressor discharge

and the throttle body
Waste gates
• On the exhaust side, a Waste gate provides us a means to
control the boost pressure of the engine.
• Internal and external.
• Bypassing this energy (e.g. exhaust flow) reduces the power
driving the turbine wheel to match the power required for a
given boost level. Waste gate are built into the turbine housing
and consist of a “flapper” valve, Crank.
Oil water plumbing
• An oil inlet restrictor is recommended if you have oil pressure
over about 60 p sig.
• The oil outlet should be plumbed to the oil pan above the oil
level (for wet sump systems).
• Ahe heat in the head, exhaust manifold, and turbine housing
finds its way to the turbo center housing, raising its temperature.
• These use coolant from the engine to act as a heat sink after
engine shutdown, preventing the oil from coking.
Bearing system
• A grey cast iron bearing housing
• The shaft, turbine and compressor can rotate at speeds up to
170,000rev/min
• Shell molding is used to provide positional accuracy of critical
features of the housing such as the shaft bearing and seal
locations.
Charge cooling
• Compressing air in the turbocharger increases its temperature
• An intercooler, a type of heat exchanger
• Introduce extra fuel in charge
• To achieve good power output by using extra fuel at the expense
of economy and emissions
Intake pressure variation
Surge detection
• Improper power distribution between main engine cylinders
• One unit may produce less power
• Air consumption differs
• Mainly takes place in petrol engines with carburettor
Advantages

• More specific power over naturally aspirated engine

• Better thermal efficiency
• Weight/Packaging. Smaller and lighter
• To use a smaller engine while achieving power levels of a much larger
engine
Disadvantages
• Lack of responsiveness if an incorrectly sized turbocharger is
used
• Boost threshold- A turbocharger starts producing boost only
above a certain rpm
• The time required to bring the turbo up to a speed where it can
functioneffectively is called turbo lag.
Conclusion
• Utilize the non renewable energy
• Complete combustion of the fuels can be achieved
• Power output can be increased.
• Generally the naturally aspirated engine takes atmospheric
pressurized air to the carburetor for air fuel mixture but we can
add the high density air for the combustion so as a result the
power and the complete combustion take place so efficiency is
increasing.
Thank you