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• Introduction

• Global positioning system

• Working principle behind GPS system
• GPS system in smart watch
• Model
• Functionality
• Implementation
• Necessity
• Impact on environment and
biological factors involved

• Advantages

• Disadvantages

• Applications
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 The Global positioning system(GPS) is a satellite based navigation system that was
developed by U.S department of defense(DoD) in the early 1970’s.Initally, GPS was developed as
a military system fulfill U.S military needs.

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• GPS is placed 20,180 km above the sea level.

• Each satellite revolves around the earth for 11hours 58minutes.

• The life span of one satellite is about 7-15 years.

• 24 operational satellites are placed around the earths orbit.

• Trilateration is the method used to find the precise location.

• An Atomic clock is used for synchronization of time.

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DIFFERENT GPS by DIFFERENT Countries

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o GPS has revolutionized the surveying and navigation fields since its early stages of
development.

o GPS was original designed as military system, its civil applications has growth faster.

o GPS positioning has been found to be cost effective process in which at least 50% cost
reduction can be obtained wherever it is possible to use so called Real Time Kinematric
(RTK) GPS.

o More than 75% of Time saving is possible in use of RTK GPS Method.

o GPS has numerous applications in Land, marine, and air navigation. vehicle tracking and
navigation are rapid growing applications.

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Working principle behind GPS

Consists of three segments :The space segment, The control segment ,The user segment.

Space segment : Has 24 –satellite constellation placed in six different orbital planes at an
altitude of 20,000km.Each satellite has an inclination of 55degree w.r.t
equator.

Control segment: Consists of world wide network tracking system.

The master control station situated in UNITED STATES at Colorado
springs. Has 5 unmanned base-stations that monitor the satellites to track
their exact position in space, also check if they are operating correctly.

User segment: Includes all military and civilian users. Has user receivers which is hand held.

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 Smartwatch in Defense

The smart watches is closely associated with military: at the end of

the 19th century, the Germany army established this category by
buying a thousand watches from Girard Perregaux.
Various other technical advances such as luminous hands to read
time at night & aviator watches were driven by military use.

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 SMARTWATCH CONSTITUENTS
HARDWARE SOFTWARE
• Electronic Display either backlit LCD or • Digital map
OLED
• Personal organizers
• Rechargeable battery
• Calculators.
• Touch screen.
• Connectivity
• The peripheral devices • Bluetooth Ver. 4.0 & above
• Digital Cameras • Wi-Fi 802.11
• sensors thermometers • Fit Health apps.
• accelerometers
• Media player
• ABC sensor, GPS Receivers
• Tiny speakers and SD card.

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 Internal
Architecture

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Working Principle

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Location Tracking Flowchart

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 GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM(GIS)
• A geographic information system (GIS) is a computer-based tool capable of acquiring, storing, manipulating,
analyzing, and displaying spatially referenced data.
• Spatially referenced data is data that is identified according to its geographic location (e.g., features such as
streets, light Poles, and fire hydrants are linked by geography).
• Spatial, or geographic, data can be obtained from a variety of sources such as existing maps, satellite
imagery, and GPS. Once the information is collected, a GIS stores it as a collection of layers in the GIS
database.
• The GIS can then be used to analyze the information and decisions can be made efficiently. (For example, the
decision to build a new road can be made by studying the effect of one feature, such as traffic volume.)

• GPS is used to collect the GIS field data efficiently and accurately

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 Merits
• The GPS is a self calibrating system.
• Compatible with all the Remote sensing devices
• Gives location based information to the user.
• Works anywhere on the Earth.
• Can gives bearing, directions.
• Free of cost for the user.

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 Demerits
• Consumes more power.
• GPS signal cannot pass through solid structures.
• Can be affected by large buildings & is typically unreliable.
• GPS accuracy is related to the large of Antenna.

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 Applications
• Utility Mapping
• Forestry & Natural Resource protection
• Border surveillance
• Marine seismic surveying
• Tracking Down Nuclear & missiles
• GPS Stakeout

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 As GPS is a advanced system. It is used in both Official & Commercial
purpose. There are many use of the GPS to locate the person or thing. But its
major disadvantage is the security Encryption.

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 References
• IEEE XPLORE LIBRARY
• GOOGLE SCHOLAR
• INTRODUTION TO GPS, By Ahmed El-Rabbany

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