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PHILIPPINE
WATERSHED
01 INTRODUCTION OF A WATERSHED
03 SUB-BASING/PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
FLOOD PLAIN - flat,border areas on each side of a river which allows water to
spill out / overflow at times of high flow.
ESTUARY - a partly enclosed coastal body of water with one or more body of water
flowing into it and an open connection to the sea.
Micro watersheds- are smallest land area wherein the water flow into a tributaries.
Small watersheds – are those where the overland flow is the main contributor to peak run-
off / flow and channel characteristic do not affect the overland flow.
Large watersheds- are those give peak flows are greatly influenced by channel
characterisitics and basin storage.
AREA
Upland areas – are areas where there is not usually standing water and would typically be
either forested or agricultural land.
Wetlands – is an area of land that is saturated with water for all or part of the year. A
wetland can be marsh,pound,or vogue.
Riparian zones/vegetation – the plants that grow along or near the riverbanks,lakes, and
wetlands.
Surfacewater (part we CAN see) - is just a water that collects on the surface of the earth.
This category is composed of rivers,lakes,streams,oceans and wetlands.
Groundwater (we CAN'T see) - all water under the surfce of the ground. It is stored in the
soil
and it can be found far under the ground in deep aquifers or very near the ground surface.
Why watersheds are
important?
FUNCTIONS OF A WATERSHED
OTHER FUNCTIONS:
-Rivers and streams nourish and connect ecosystems throughout the watershed
-Wetlands and lakes help to store and filter water, and provide habitat for fish and wildlife.
-Upland forests and meadows provide wildlife habitat, nutrients for aquatic ecosystems, and
encourage infiltration
of rainwater into the ground.
-The various components of watersheds provide people with oppurtunities for
recreation,tourism,education and aesthetic appreciation
-watersheds supply as with clean water for drinking and irrigation, from sources such as
reservoirs and groundwater.
-watersheds provide habitat for fish,birds,mammals, as well as insects and other invertibrates.
WATERSHEDS IN
THE PHILIPPINES
BUAYA RIVER
Ilocos Sur
LA MESA WATERSHED
Metro Manila
MOUNT APO
Davao
PANTABANGAN DAM
Pampanga
ANGAT DAM
Bulacan
DELINEATION OF A DRAINAGE AREA
WATERSHED DELINEATION is the process of identifying the drainage area of
a point or set of points.
STEP 11: Watersheds sometimes have what are termed subwatersheds within them. Rivers, large
streams, lake, and wetland watershed often have more than one subwatershed (usually smaller tributary
watersheds) within them. Generally, the larger the waterbody you are examining, the more
subwatersheds you will find. Your watershed map can be further divided into smaller sections or
subwatersheds if it helps organize your study better.
STEP 12: Once the watershed and subwatershed (optional) boundaries have been delineated on the map,
your team can verify them in the field, if necessary.
SUB-BASING / PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF
A WATERSHED
size (area)
- size of a watershed determines the quantity of rainfall received, retained, and disposed
off (run off). The larger the watershed, the larger be the channel and storage of water in
basin.
Sub-components:
1. Stream areas
2. Inter-basin areas
Shape
Watersheds differ in their shape based on morphometric parameters. Its either
square,rectangle,triangle ,oval etc..
Topography
Slope, length, degree and and uniformity of slope affect both disposal of water and soil loss.
Drinage: topogrphy regulates drainage. Drainage density,,length,width,depth of main and
subsudiary channel, main outlet and its size depend on photogrphy.
Climate
1. Rain provides incoming precipitation along with its various characteristic like intensity, frequency
and amount of rainfall.
2.Parameters like rainfall, temperatcive, humidity, wind velocity, etc. regulates factors like soil and
vegetation.
Vegetation
Depending upon the type of vegetation and its extent, this factor regulates the functioning of
watershed.
Land use
Type of land use, its extent and management are the key factors which affect watershed
behavior. Judicious land use by users [human beings] is of vital importance to watershed
management and functioning.
THANK YOU!