:SHIVAM SINHA

16JE002014
OPEN DEFECTATION ?
 Open defecation is the practice of
people defecating outside and not into a
designated toilet.

 The term is widely used in literature about water,

sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) issues in developing
countries.
Affected Countries
 About one billion people, or 15 percent of the global
population, practice open defecation. India has the highest
number of people practicing open defecation, around 490
million people, or nearly a third of the population.

 The other countries with the highest number of people

openly defecating are Indonesia (54 million), followed
by Pakistan (41 million), Nigeria (39 million), Ethiopia (34
million), and Sudan (17 million).
India : topper in open defecation
EFFECTS
 Whilst open defecation causes little harm when done
in sparsely populated areas, forests, or camping type
situations, it becomes a significant public
health issue—and an issue of human dignity—when it
occurs in more densely populated areas.
 Open defecation perpetuates the vicious cycle of
disease and poverty and is widely regarded as an
affront to personal dignity . The countries where open
defecation is most widely practised have the highest
numbers of deaths of children under the age of five, as
well as high levels of undernutrition , high levels of
poverty, and large disparities between the rich and
poor.
REASONS
 No toilet available .
 A toilet is available but is of low quality
 There is a risk to personal safety .Toilets are only at
some distance; also, it may be dangerous to get there at
night .
 Ignorance about the benefits of using toilets .
 Diarrhoea may mean there is not enough time to go to
a distant shared toilet .
Reasons for people owning a
household toilet but still openly
defecating

 The toilet was provided and not wanted by the recipients .

 The toilet building can be put to other uses such as a
storage room.
 To delay the toilet pit filling up, in the case of a pit latrine .
 No toilet available at the workplace .
 Open defecation is embedded as a routine or social norm,
or there are social taboos.
Open defecation free
 Open defecation free" (ODF) is a phrase first used
in community-led total sanitation (CLTS) programs.
 The Indian Ministry of Drinking Water and
Sanitation has in mid-2015 defined "open defecation
free" as "the termination of fecal-oral transmission.
This definition is part of the Swachh Bharat
Abhiyan (Clean India Campaign).
UNICEF In Action
 CATS Pilots
 WASH in Health Centres
 Institution Strengthening
 Communication support
 Advocacy support
COMMUNICATION SUPPORT :
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