Blood Circulation

Blood
• Red blood cells
• White blood cells
• Platelet cells
• Plasma blood
 Red blood cells
• Erythrocytes
• Function  contain hemoglobin to transport oxygen
and carbon dioxide in the form of hydrogen
carbonate ions
• Adaptation….???
• Only lives for about 4 months
Broken down in the liver,
spleen, and bone marrow.
 White blood cells
• Leukocytes : lymphocyte and phagocyte

• Function  produce antibodies and phagocytosis

againts foreign object

• Adaptation  variable in shapes, have nucleus

which respond to different antigen (foreign object),
can change shape and squeeze between other cells
to engulf foreign objects
David Rogers at Vanderbilt University
 Platelet cells
• Thrombocytes
• Function  causing clotting,
mechanism to prevent loss of blood
and entry of pathogens
• Haemophilia  hereditary disorders
which occur because the amount of
clotting factors in the blood are low,
so prevent fibrin formation
• People with haemophilia bleed in
much a longer time than average
people
 Plasma Blood
• Plasma blood  pale-yellow liquid component of
blood that normally holds the blood cells and other
substances
• Functions  transport blood cells, ions, soluble
materials, hormones, CO2, urea, proteins, and heat
from liver and muscles
• How is the substance
being transported?
Blood type groups: A, B, AB, O
What is Agglutination?

- Agglutination is the result of mixing blood groups that

are not compatible.
- It means that the antibody present in the plasma of a
recipient will react with the antigen present around the
surface of the red blood cells of the donor.
- In other words the recipients body is not accepting the
blood of the donor.
Blood type groups: A, B, AB, O
 Human
Circulatory
System
 Circulatory System
 A system of tubes with a pump and valves to ensure one-way flow
of blood
 Double circulation system because passes the heart twice in one
circle
1. Low pressure circulation  heart – lungs – heart
2. High pressure circulation  heart – body – heart

Heart

Body Lungs

Heart
• Circulatory system consist of :
- The blood (the liquid which carries substances around your body)
- The blood vessels (the pipes which carry the blood)
- The heart (the pump which moves the blood around the body)

• Function :
- Carrying food from the gut to the cells
- Carrying oxygen from the lungs to the cells
- Carrying carbon dioxide from the cells to the lungs
- Carrying urea and other toxins from the liver to the kidneys
- Carrying chemical messages (hormones) around the body from the
glands where they are made to their target organs
- Distributing heat around the body
The heart muscle is
Left side (blue) for
constantly active, so it oxygenated blood.
needs its own blood Right side (red) for
supply. deoxygenated blood.
Through coronary artery
and cardiac vein LORD
Low pressure circulation :
Right atrium  right
ventricle  pulmonary
artery  lungs 
pulmonary vein  left
atrium

High pressure circulation :

Left atrium  left ventricle 

Aorta  Arteries  BODY 
Veins  Vena Cava  Right
Atrium
 Which wall of the chamber is thicker?
Which chamber contract at the same time?
 Blood Vessels

AA : Artery – Away

Main blood vessels in : lungs, heart, kidney, liver

 Valve
• Valves prevent blood flowing backwards
• Contraction of muscle and blood pressure, squeeze the blood
and help the movement of the valves
 Coronary heart disease
Fats deposit  narrows the
arteries and reduces blood
flow to the heart, then the
heart muscle run short of
oxygen

- chest pain
- sudden heart attack