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HORIZONTAL MOTION
EXAMPLE
A closed horizontal cylindrical 1.5 𝑚 in diameter
and 4 𝑚 long is completely filled with gasoline
(sp. gr. = 0.82) and accelerated horizontally at
3 𝑚 Τ𝑠 2 .
𝐹𝑥 = 0
From the Force Triangle,
𝑁𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = 𝑚𝑎
𝑅𝐸𝐹
𝑚𝑎 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 =
𝑁= [Eq. 1] 𝑊
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
𝑚𝑎
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 =
𝐹𝑦 = 0 𝑚𝑔
𝑁𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = 𝑚𝑎 𝒂
𝒕𝒂𝒏𝜽 =
𝑚𝑎 𝒈
𝑁 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 [Eq. 2]
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝑚𝑎
=
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑚𝑔
𝒂
𝒕𝒂𝒏𝜽 =
𝒈
EXAMPLE
An open trapezoidal tank having a bottom width of 3m is 2 m high, 1.5 m wide, and
has its sides inclined 60° with the horizontal. It is filled with water to a depth of 1.5 m.
If the tank is accelerated horizontally along its length at 4.5 𝑚/𝑠 2 , how much water is
spilled out?
0.5
4.5 𝑚/𝑠 2
1.5
60°
3m
SOLUTION
𝑉𝑠𝑝𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑 = 𝑉𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 − 𝑉𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡
𝑉𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 = 1.5(𝐴𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑝 )
1.5
3 + 3 + 2[ ]
tan 60
𝐴𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔 = (1.5)
2
𝐴𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔 = 5.8 𝑚2
𝑉𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 = 8.699 𝑚3
SOLUTION
𝑉𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 = 8.699 𝑚3 2
𝑏 =3+2 𝑏 = 5.4 𝑚
Solve for 𝑉𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡 tan 60
𝛾
3+𝑏 sin(𝛾+60) sin(60)
𝐴𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑝 =
2
(2) =
𝑏 𝑥 𝑥
𝐴𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑝 = 8.31 𝑚2 𝑥 = 4.618 𝑚
sin(24.64)
𝑎 4.5 𝐴𝑡𝑟𝑖 = 5.4 4.618
tan(𝛾) = = 2
𝑔 9.81
(a) Upwards
(b) Downwards
SOLUTION
𝑎ℎ
tan= When motion is upward:
𝑔±𝑎𝑣
1.159
ah=acosα tan=
9.81+(+0.31)
ah=1.2cos15° =6.533 °
ah=1.159m/s²
When motion is downward
av= asinα 1.159
tan=
av=1.2sin15° 9.81−(+0.31)
av=0.31m/s² =6.955 °
VERTICAL MOTION
• Consider a mass of fluid accelerated
upwards or downwards with an
acceleration of a as shown in the
Figure. The forces acting at a point h
below the liquid surface are the
weight of the liquid above the point,
ϫV, the inertia force, Ma, and the
pressure force F = pA, then,