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Seminar
On
Biodiesel

Submitted To: Submitted By:

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Content
 Introduction
 What is Biodiesel?
 Benefits of Biodiesel
 Environmental Issues
 Problems brought by Biodiesel
 Biodiesel Samples
 Biodiesel Background
 The Future of Biodiesel
 Conclusion
 References
Introduction
 Biodiesel can be operated in any diesel engine with little
or no impact to the fuel system.
 Biodiesel has a solvent effect which may release deposits
accumulated on tank walls and pipes from previous diesel
fuel storage.
 The release of deposits may clog filters.
 Biodiesel can be used as a pure fuel or blended with
petroleum in any ratio.
What is Biodiesel?
 Alternative fuel for diesel engines
 Made from vegetable oil or animal fat
 Meets health effect testing (CAA)
 Lower emissions, High flash point (>300F), Safer
 Biodegradable, Essentially non-toxic.
 Chemically, biodiesel molecules are mono-alkyl esters
produced usually from triglyceride esters
Fatty Acid
FA Alcohol
Glycerin

FA FA
FA Biodiesel

Vegetable Oil
Biodiesel can be used in
existing Diesel Engines
 Pure Biodiesel (B100) or blended with petroleum
diesel (B20, BXX).
 Rudolf Diesel: peanut oil.
 Little or no engine modifications
 Use existing fuel distribution network.
 Available now
Benefits of Biodiesel
 - High cetane number (average 45,8-56,9 units)
 - High flash point (above +100)
 - Good lubricating property
 - Absence of sulfur and aromatic hydrocarbons
 - Low toxicity of emissions
 - Virtually complete biodegradability (99%
 biodiesel are destroyed in water or soil for 28 days)
 - Zero balance of greenhouse gases

6
Environmental Issues
 Burning fossil fuels increases atmospheric levels of
carbon dioxide
 Fossil fuels are a finite resource

30% Increase

Graph taken from USF Oceanography webpage

Problems brought by Biodiesel
• Certain biodiesel gels easily under cold
temperature
• Deforestation for plantation
• Degrades rubber in old cars
• Synthetic rubbers that are resistant
Biodiesel Samples
Biodiesel Challenges
 Cold Weather Operation (Chemistry)
 Producing enough feedstock oil to replace a large
portion of petroleum (biology, chemistry, physics,
economics)
 Engine and emissions optimization (chemistry,
physics)
Biodiesel Background
 Four main production  Transesterification
methods
 Direct use and blending
 Micro emulsions
 Thermal cracking
 Transesterification
 Most common
production method
 Uses vegetable oils and
animal fats as feed
stocks
 The reaction of a fat or
oil with an alcohol to
form esters (biodiesel)
and glycerol
The Future of Biodiesel
 Should be considered for use as an alternative and not a primary fuel

 Short and long term environmental benefits will be worthwhile

 Storage Issues with Stability and Transportation issues with high cost
of delivered fuel compared to fossil fuels

 Fuel-supply reliability

 Lack of understanding of environmental impact - NOx emissions

 Complexity of biomass-power infrastructure compared to known well

established coal and natural gas markets
Conclusion
 Biodiesel is eco-friendly.
 Biodiesel is clean burning alternative fuel.
 Biodiesel contain no petroleum, but can be blended
with conventional diesel fuel.
 These fuel can be used in any diesel engine without
any modification.
 Biodiesel is degradable , non toxic and free from
sulphur and lead.
References
 www.google.com
 www.wikipedia.com
 www.studymafia.org
 www.pptplanet.com
Thanks