IUE 4083

MODERN PHILOSOPHY

RENE DESCARTES AND HIS FOUNDATION OF

MODERN PHILOSOPHY

PREPARED FOR:
DR. MOHAMMED MUNEER’DEEN OLODO AL-
SHAFI’I
 Bachelor Of Usuluddin, Sem 6 (B)
Name Matric No
Nurul Shahida Atiqah binti Ahmad 035464
Nazeri
Wan Norsyahidatul Aiman binti Wan 035802
Ismail
Nusaibah binti Tajudin 035637
Siti Sarah binti Mohd Zubir 035465

Aishah Nadiah binti Mat Husain 035103

Hassuna binti Shuhaimi 034857

Syahirah Ilyana binti Sahml Hameed 035382

Nur Jannah binti Ayob 034649

Nor Hanisah binti Mohd Noor 035096

Siti Hajar binti Alias 035031

Siti Rohana binti Mat Deris 035294
Name :Rene Descartes
Date of Birth :31 Mac 1596
Place of Birth :La Haye, in Touraine, midway between
Tours and Poitiers
Died in Sweeden in 1650
Educational background:
-He studied at the school of La Fleche (1602-1604)
- He interest in language, history, or similar subjects. but was
greatly fascinated by mathematics, science, and philosophy.
He was regarded in the West as the "Father of Modern
Philosophy” in accordance with its position as the first person
in modern times to develop a philosophy that stands on its
own self-confidence generated by the sense of knowledge.
Rene Descartes rejected the authority of
religion and seeks to achieve its science and
philosophy.
For him, mind is the basic and guidelines for
achieving a definite truth.
He using the method to find the perfect
assurance, namely with doubted all things
beforehand -Cartesian doubt-
 He tried to doubt everything that can be
experienced by the senses, the objects may actually
not in doubt.

Descartes doubted the existence of his own body.

Doubt it be possible for the experience of dreams,
hallucinations, illusions and also on experiences with
spirits

In this first step, Descartes is success in doubted all

things that can be experienced by the senses.
Descartes goes on to say that in the four cases that had happened to it
(dreams, hallucinations, illusions and experience with the supernatural) and
also in a state of alert, there is "something" that always appear.
• Motion
• Amount
• Volume

First, Descartes believes "something" that three kinds

of it is Mathematics.

But then he found mathematics can also be mistaken.

According to Descartes, he was often wrong in calculating the
amount (number), wrong in the measure (volume) and wrong
in the movement.
Descartes felt there was still something that can not he
doubted. In fact, according to him, there is no one devil
can interfere with his doubts.

Descartes says he can not doubt that he was ever in

doubt.

Since Descartes can not doubt that he was in doubt, he

believes that his inability to doubt himself thinking is due to
the "I think“.

If the "I think" is there, it means "I" exists, because

who think it is myself.
According to Descartes thought (mind) which
is suitable as a basic philosophical because I
think that's really what can not be doubted.
Due to this thought later that encourage the
development of modern philosophy.
Descartes applied his intellect to the principal
of the reliability of the sense.
 “Cogito ergo sum” method: I think, therefore I
am.
Foundation of knowledge is self-evident
principle. Concept: wholly freed from doubt.
The deductive and rational are born.
The rationalist begins with a set of
assumptions that are hypothetically true.
The strength and justice at the rational
method is its ability to objectively think
about the natural world and deduce
statements of truth about world.
Descartes implemented his own philosophical
method using logical arguments in the time of
church domination of Europe.
Respected by the western world due to his
courage to free themselves from the church
that restrict the development of philosophy.