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m The Internet began in the late 1960s as a network of computers that
the United States Department of Defense developed using
communication technology that could continue to function even
when it was partially damaged.
m In the 1980s the National Science Foundation (NSF) used this
same technology to create its own network (NSFNET), which
allowed researchers to share data and access resources located on
remote computers.
m Eventually many educational, governmental, commercial, and
other organizations connected their own local computer networks
to the NSFNET to form what is now known as the Internet.
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m The Internet is not controlled by any individual or
group. Currently, a non-profit organization called the
Internet Society (ISOC) elects a board that is
responsible for managing the technology and direction
of the Internet.
network protocols:
y all communication
activity in Internet
governed by protocols
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y SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)
y IMAP (Interactive Mail Access Protocol)
y POP (Post Office Protocol)
y UUCP (Unix to Unix Copy Protocol)
m Ohen a person has an email account on a particular
computer, he or she also has a username.
m A person's email address is the username followed
by @ (the at sign), followed by the host address for
the computer where the email account is located.
For example,
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 is the email address for
the President of the United States at the Ohite
House.
ë OORLD OIDE OEB (OOO)
ë The Oorld Oide Oeb allows you to access information on any
computer, world-wide, that makes files publicly available
using hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP). This protocol
allows hypertext links between files on the same computer, or
on other computers on the Internet.
ë GOPHER
ë Gopher also allows you to access files on the Internet. Because
gopher sites do not allow graphical displays or hypertext
linking, most of them are already replaced by Oorld Oide
Oeb sites.
£ Telnet allows you to log on to and use other computers that
are connected to the Internet no matter where they are
located. Telnet is commonly used to connect to library
catalogs, community information systems, and fee-based
database services

£ FTP allows you to transfer files to and from computers that

are connected to the Internet. Files that are transferred
using FTP can contain text, images, sounds, software, etc.
Computers that are connected to the Internet
communicate with each other using a protocol or
special language called TCP/IP (Transmission Control
Protocol/Internet Protocol). TCP/IP defines how
information moves among computers on the Internet.
ëNetwork Routers
ëNetwork Gateways
y LAN (LOCAL AREA NETOORK)

y MAN (METROPOLITIAN AREANETOORK )

y OAN (OIDE AREA NETOORK )

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y The growth of Internet is not a
fluke or a fad, but the consequence
of unleashing the power of
individual creativity.
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