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Class seminar
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PRESENTED BY :
Air inlet
Fig.1 Supercharger
Types
Fig. 2 Turbocharger
Need of turbocharger and super charger
FIG. 5
Thermodynamic analysis of turbocharged engine cycle
4
1
0
Area A= .......................(2)
…………………….(4)
Where
mat = theoretical air consumption rate, kg/h atm &
De = engine displacement, L
Ne = engine speed, rpm
ρa = density of air entering compressor, kg/m3
The air-delivery ratio is the ratio of the measured over the theoretical air
consumption of an engine:
…………………..(5)
where
ev = air-delivery ratio
mat= theoretical air consumption of the engine, kg/h
……………………(5)
………………….(7)
……………………..(8)
9
5. Select the turbine and the operating point on the turbine map. The turbine and
compressor must rotate at the same speed, the turbine flow must equal the compressor
flow times (1 + FA), and the turbine must supply enough power to drive the compressor
while overcoming bearing friction.
…………………..(9)
Equation 10 can be reworked into characteristic-value equations that incorporate the
speed, flow and power constraints:
…………….(10)
……………….(11)
where
τ avaiablel = characteristic value available
τ required = characteristic value required
u = − (k′ − 1)/k′
et = turbine efficiency, decimal
em = turbocharger mechanical efficiency, decimal
Cpc = constant-pressure specific heat of ambient air, kJ/kg·K
Cpt = constant-pressure specific heat of heated air, kJ/kg·K
The available characteristic value depends upon the FA ratio, the
turbocharger efficiencies, and the temperature ratio across the engine.
Advantages of supercharger and
turbocharger
• The more increase the pressure of the intake air above the local atmospheric
pressure (boost), the more power the engine produces. Automotive superchargers
for street use typically produce a maximum boost pressure between 0.33 to 1.0 bar
, providing a proportionate increase in power.
• Engines burn air and fuel at an ideal (stoichiometric) ratio of about 14.7:1, which
means that if you burn more air, you must also burn more fuel.
• This is particularly useful at high altitudes: thinner air has less oxygen, reducing
power by around 3% per 1,000 feet above sea level, but a supercharger can
compensate for that loss, pressurizing the intake charge to something close to sea
level pressure.
Disadvantages of turbocharger
and supercharger
• Cost and complexity
• Detonation
• Parasitic losses
• Space
• Turbo lag
Performance evaluation of the Turbo charged
Agricultural Tractor Engine
11
13
14
15
Type of Compressor.
3. Root’s type
FIG.3