Professional Documents
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Compiled by:-
SHAILKUMAR MODI
18MEEE05
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Abstract
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POWER SYSTEM SECURITY
The probability of the system operating point remaining within acceptable ranges,
given the probabilities of changes in the system and its environment.
CONTINGENCY ANALYSIS
Generation Shift Factors
Line outage distribution factor
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Introduction
CA program is usually performed to simulate the power flows
of the TPS in case of contingencies and activate alarms, if the
operational limits of some components are violated.
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GTCA DEFINITION AND FEATURES
•GTCA can be defined as a new kind of TCA in which not
•only the “active” power flow of DNs to the contingencies of the TPS is consid
ered but also the operational limits of DNs and TPSs (e.g., bus/node voltage a
nd line power flow) are evaluated in case of contingencies.
•GPF TOOL
•GTCA complies with privacy protection rules, and the confidentiality of DN's a
nd TPS's data can usually be protected.
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ILLUSTRATION OF GTCA NECESSITY
1.TPS With Radial DNs
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More complicated example of one TPS connected t
o multiple looped DNs.
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Computation Algorithm of GTCA
1. The equivalent admittance of the DNs is firstly computed based on Gaussian Elimination by
DCCs, and sent to TCCs.1Since the ends of the equivalent lines are from the boundary syste
ms and the number of boundary buses is limited, the number of the equivalent lines for on
e DN and the overall communication are limited as well.
2. ATCC adds all of the equivalent lines into the transmission power flow model.
3. As for the contingency, check whether the output of the working generators should be adju
sted if one generator is lost
4. Perform the iterativeMSS method in [23] to solve the GPF (1) and (2). For the th iteration i
n MSS, the TCC vbc solves
5. If MSS still diverges after the maximum iteration times, turn to the traditional TCA mode to
recheck the transmission power flow for the th contingency.
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Flowchart of an MSS-based GTCA computation
algorithm
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SIMULATION
System 6Ar: The TPS system is a 6-bus system [2], and the
DN named System A is radial and has 3 feeders, 16 nodes, and 13 lines [30]. The distribution
feeders F1, F2, and F3 are connected with transmission Buses #4, #5, and #6. The number o
f the copies of a feeder at a boundary bus is six.
System 6Al: Almost the same as 6Ar, except that one loop in the DN connects Feeders F1 an
d F2 11
RESULTS AND ANALYSIS
6A Systems
•Firstly, 6A systems including 6Ar and 6Al are used to show the difference of the post-contingency pow
er flow results obtained with and without considering the impacts of distribution.
The results are shown in Table I. For simplicity, “cont.”, “diff” and “gen.” are used as the abbreviatio
ns of “contingency”, “difference” and “generator” in the following tables. TheMVA base
is 100 MVA.
•From Table I, it can be seen that the post-contingency power flow difference between GTCA and TCA
is trivial in the case of radial DNs, showing that the impacts of DNs on TPSs can be neglected in this cas
e, which is consistent with the traditional opinion and assumption used in current power systems. How
ever, when a DN is looped, the difference is greatly increased.
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Post-contingency power flow difference between GTCA and TCA
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CONCLUSION
•In future smart grids, since a DN may more frequently have loops in operati
on, the traditional TCA that neglects the interaction of transmission and dist
ribution may give inaccurate alarms. To overcome that issue, a new TCA met
hod that considers the interaction of transmission and distribution, GTCA, is
proposed in this paper.
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Thank you
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