Fire Alarm System Overview

Detects fire in early stage and alert personnel by audio-

visual alarm.
Consists of Control Panel and Various Types of Sensors
 Ionisation smoke detectors
 Optical Smoke Detectors
 Heat Detectors
 Manual Call Points
 Intrinsically Safe Detectors
 Typical Loop Wiring

Ionisation Isolator
Smoke Detector Manual Call Point Heat Detector

Protocol Control Panel

translator
230V
Optical AC
Smoke Detector
Zener Barrier

Intrinsically safe
Ionisation Smoke Detector
Remote Hooter
 Ionisation Smoke Detector

LED Address Card

LED

Base

Ionisation Smoke Detector

 Ionisation Smoke Detector

Detector Status Indication

RED LED “OFF”---Normal Condition

RED LED “ON”---Alarm Condition

Individual Addresses: Up to 126

Address Setting: Through punching

Expert Cards
Operating Voltage: 17-28V DC
Approval: ABS

Sensing Element: Twin compensating chambers using one single sided

Ionising radiation source, Americium 241.
 Principle of Operation

•The Detector is designed to be connected to a two wire loop circuit

carrying both data and a 17V to 28V dc supply.

•When Smoke enters the ionisation chamber, the voltage at the sensing
electrode increases to produce an analog signal. An A/D conversion
of the signal from the ionisation chamber is carried out once per second.
when the device is interrogated, this data is sent to the control panel.

•The detector is calibrated to give an analog value of 25±7counts in clean

air.This value increases with smoke density.A count of 55 corresponds
to alarm level. Count levels between 45 and 55 provides pre alarm.
 Optical Smoke Detector

LED
LED
Address Card

Base

Optical Smoke Detector

 Optical Smoke Detector

Detector Status Indication

Clear LED “OFF”---Normal Condition

Clear LED “Glow Red”--Alarm Condition

Individual Addresses: Up to 126

Address Setting: Through punching

Expert Cards
Operating Voltage: 17-28V DC
Approval: ABS
Sensing Element: Silicon PIN Photo Diode
Emitter: GaAs Infra-red LED
Detection Principle: Photo Electric detection of light scattered in
a forward direction by smoke particles.
 Principle of Operation

•An infra red LED within it’s collimator is arranged at an obtuse angle
to the photo diode. The photo diode has an integral day light blocking
filter.

•The IR LED emits a burst of collimated light every second. In clear air,
photo diode receives no light from the IR LED because of the angular
Arrangement and the dual mask.

•When smoke enters the chamber, it scatters photons from the emitter
IR LED on to photo diode. The photo diode signal is processed and
Passed to A/D converter and sent to control panel when interrogated.
 Heat Detector

LED
Address Card

Base
 Heat Detector

Detector Status Indication

RED LED “OFF”---Normal Condition

RED LED “Glow Red”--Alarm Condition

Individual Addresses: Up to 126

Address Setting: Through punching
Expert Cards
Operating Voltage: 17-28V DC
Approval: ABS
Sensing Element: Single NTC Thermistor
 Principle of Operation

•The Heat detectors monitor temperature by using a single thermistor

network which provides a voltage output proportional to the external
Air temperature. This voltage output is processed in the A/D converter
And is transmitted to the control panel when interrogated.

•Control panel continuously polls the detectors @ 32 devices/sec.

 Manual Call Point

Status Indication
RED LED “OFF”---Normal Condition
RED LED “Glow Red”--Alarm Condition

Individual Addresses: Up to 126

Address Setting: Through DIL Switch

Operating Voltage: 17-28V DC

Approval: ABS

Sensing Element: Switch

 Principle of Operation

•The address of each call point is set by means of seven segment

DIL switch

•When glass is broken, alarm is initiated by the control panel.

 Intrinsically Safe Ionisation Smoke Detector

IS Detectors operate at low power

and with small amounts of stored energy that
it is incapable of causing ignition.
So they are used in hazardous areas.
 Intrinsically Safe Ionisation Smoke Detector

Detector Status Indication

RED LED “OFF”---Normal Condition

RED LED “Glow Red”--Alarm Condition

Individual Addresses: Up to 126

Address Setting: Through punching

Expert Cards
Operating Voltage: 14-22V DC
Approval: ABS, BASEFA
Sensing Element: Twin compensating chambers using one single sided
Ionising radiation source, Americium 241.
 Principle of Operation

•It translates the loop voltage (17-28V DC)

Protocol to 14 – 22V DC.
Translator •Reduces the amplitude of the current pulses
From 20mA to 10mA compatible to IS Detectors
Approval: ABS, BASEFA

Zener Barrier

The zener barrier is also responsible for

the current limitation. It has series resistance.
Approval: ABS, BASEFA
FIRE ALARM CONTROL PANEL- 4 LOOP
FIRE ALARM CONTROL PANEL WIRING SIDE VIEW
Product Overview
Available with 2 or 4 detection circuits, each capable of hosting
up to 126 devices (Apollo), Syncro uses the most advanced
microprocessor technology to provide a control system of
extremely high integrity.
Syncro can be configured to suit all types of system, from the
most simple, to the highly complex. Its fully integrated and
secure network provides an intelligent interface for building
control.
A large area graphic display ensures that information is
presented in plain language with detailed extra help available
by pressing a ‘help’ button.
Config. Features
2 or 4 loop versions as standard
(for 6 - 8 loop versions see DS57 page
12-13)
Larger enclosure available (fits 24A/H SLAs)
Network up to 64 panels/repeaters
4 programmable sounder circuits as
standard
5.25 amp power supply to EN54 part 4
Large graphic display
In built help and alarm information
screens
Certified to EN54-2/ EN54-4
Real time clock
loop powered sounders and beacons
2 programmable function buttons
3 programmable front panel mounted
LED’s
Simple Windows® graphical configuration
utility