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LECTURE 20
LINEAR POWER SUPPLY
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qPt0X5s-1JU
SMPS (SWITCH MODE POWER SUPPLY)
Practically all electronic systems require some form of energy conversion. A device that
transfers electric energy from a given source to a given load using electronic circuits is
referred to as power supply. Of course, it does not really supply power, it just converts it,
so "converter" is a more accurate term for such a device.
In general, SMPS can be classified into four types according to the form of input and
output voltages: AC to DC ,DC to DC (voltage or current converter), AC to AC and DC to
AC (inverter).
SWITCH MODE POWER SUPPLY BLOCK DIAGRAM
TRUE POWER
IS THE ACTUAL POWER USED BY THE CIRCUIT.
PF: It measures how effectively AC power is
IT IS MEASURED WITH A WATTMETER.
being used by a device. The difference
APPARENT POWER
between true power and
POWER IN A CIRCUIT WHEN VOLTAGE AND POWER ARE MEASURED
SEPARATELY IT IS CALCULATED IN UNITS OF VOLTAMPERE. (VA)
POWER FACTOR
IS THE RATIO OF TRUE POWER/APPARENT POWER.
WHEN CURRENT AND VOLTAGE ARE IN PHASE THE POWER FACTOR = 1.
IF 90° OUT OF PHASE THE POWER FACTOR = 0.
POWER FACTOR OF A CIRCUIT CAN VARY BETWEEN O AND 1.
The rectified input voltage is next fed into (PFC) stage, which increases power factor
(PF). In the process it usually boosts the voltage to a regulated 370-400 VDC. PF by
definition is the ratio between watts and volt-amps. A PFC pre-regulator controls input
AC current so that it is in phase with mains AC voltage and its waveform repeats the
input voltage waveform. Without this, the input current would be delivered to the SMPS
in short high peak pulses, which have a high harmonic content. The current harmonics
do not supply any real power to the load, but cause additional heating in the wiring and
distribution equipment. They also reduce the maximum amount of electricity that can be
taken from a standard wall outlet, since home circuit breakers are rated by current rather
than by watts..
Locating the primary and the secondary.