 Movement

 Reproduce
 Stimuli

 Nutrition
 Exchange gas with the environment
 Respiration
 Growth
• Microorganisms was first coined as
animalcules by Leeuwenhoek
• Dental plaque
• Tooth decay
 Carolus Linnaeus
 Plant and animal kingdom
 1866 – Protist Kingdom
 2004-Protist, Acrhaebacteria, eubacteria,
fungi
 Obtain Food
 Cell structure
 Cell number
 Levelsof questions
 Two possible answers
Protists
• Simple to large
• Protozoa to brown kelp
• Some cause diseases- Malaria
• Includes wide range of organisms that don’t
fit into other kingdoms
• May be reclassified when more is known
about its members
Archaebacteria
• Oldest living things on earth
• Simple cell structure
• Single celled organisms
• Extreme anaerobic environments
• Salt plains, swampy marshes, highly acidic,
hot volcanic vents
• Obtain nutrition from chemical reaction
• Produce methane by utilizing hydrogen and
carbon dioxide
• Methanogens
Eubacteria (Bacteria)
• Simple cell structure
• Single or form long chain like structures
• Rods
• Live on less extreme conditions
• Harmless, useful
• Lactobacillus acidophilus resides in the
intestines where it helps in the digestion of
food.
• Diseases- Legionnaires- Legionella
• Whooping cough- Bordetella pertussis,
• Tetanus- Clostridium tetani
 Fungi
• Bread and buns made of yeasts
• Closely related to animal
• Mould- Camembert cheese
• Penecillium- Penicillin
• Penicillin fights bacterial infection
 Plants
 Complex, Multicellular
 Small to large
 Moss to Oak tree
 Photosynthesis
 Complex
 Multicellular
 Carnivorous
Levels of Example Features of the group Organisms found in
classification this group
Kingdom Animal Complex,multicellular Earthworms,sponges,b
organism eetles,birds,whales,hu
mans
Phylum Chordate Possess a backbone Frogs, birds,
whales,cows,monkeys
Class Mammal Possess hair, feed their Whales, cows, dogs,
young on milk horses, human
Order Primate Eyes point forwards, Lemurs,Baboon,monke
reduced number of ys,apes
teeth, possess nails
instead of claws
Family Hominid Able to walk on two Monkeys, Apes,
legs, large brain Humans
Genus Homo Small teeth and jaw, Humans
able to make and use
tools, able to speak
Species sapiens Humans
Latin Name Common names
γάτα
Felis catus kat
gato
Chat
猫
gatto
Cat
 Every organism has two Latin names – the
name of its genus followed by the name of its
species.
 The genus has a capital letter and the
species a small letter. The Genus can be
shortened e.g. Calluna vulgaris can be
shortened to C. vulgaris
 In typed text, the Latin name is written in
italics and in hand written notes, it is
underlined.
Why is it important?
 Why is it important?
 Allow people throughout the world to communicate
unambiguously about animal species.
 Zoologists try to avoid naming the same thing more than once,
so that every scientific name is unique.
 For example, if bluegill sunfish are given the scientific
name Lepomis macrochirus, no other animal species can
be given the same name.
 So, if you are a Russian scientist studying relatives of
sunfish and you want to discuss bluegill sunfish with a
Canadian researcher, you both use the scientific name
and know exactly what the other is talking about.

Latin Name Common names

γάτα
Felis catus kat
gato
Chat
猫
gatto
Cat
• If we use common names it doesn’t tell us
very much about a species
• And people can get confused easily
• The binomial name tells us the Genus and
the Species of an organism
• Thus it allows us to not only see what an
organism SPECIFICALLY is it also allows us
to see what it is closely related to
SPECIES
• A species is a group of similar organisms
that have certain features in common
• Organisms of the same species have
similar genes so they are similar
anatomically and biochemically
• Only members of the same species are
capable of interbreeding to produce
fertile offspring
• Organisms that have the same genus name
are closely related
• They can not breed to produce a fertile
offspring
• Male donkey (Equs africanus) and a female
donkey (Equus ferus) are members of same
genus but different species
• They can breed to produce mule.
• But mule is infertile