FUNDAMENTAL OF

MEASUREMENT

• GROUP 1 :
1. ALVIN RIDHO SEPTIAN HARRIS
2. GENTA ZULFA
3. RANDI SYAPUTRA
4. RAHMAD NURDIANSAH
5. RAHMAT TUA LAKSAMANA
 BASIC CONCEPT OF MEASUREAMENT

• Basically measurement aims to get information about

the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of
an object or a condition / process, or to arrange
according to the desired information
• Aid tools or in this case measuring instruments and
instruments are needed to transform the information
qualitatively and quantitatively to be responded to by
the human senses.
 Measurement of electrical quantities:
current, voltage, resistance, capacitance,
inductance, frequency, real power,
reactive power, power factor, soil type
resistance, electric field,
magnetic field, etc .;

Measuring transformers (current

transformers and voltage transformers);

How to work and use an oscilloscope ?

 BASIC CONCEPT OF MEASUREAMENT
measurement (pengukuran)
• So measuring is a process of
associating numbers empirically and
• objective in the properties of objects
or real events so that the numbers
obtained can provide a clear picture
of the object or event being measured
• Or in general (simple): Comparing a
quantity that is not known to the price
of other quantities that have been
 BASIC CONCEPT OF MEASUREAMENT

Measuring instrument
• Tool to find out the price of a quantity or a variable

• The working principle of a measuring instrument

must be understood so that the measuring instrument
can be used carefully and in accordance with the
intended use
 BASIC CONCEPT OF MEASUREAMENT

Instrument
• Instruments are measuring instruments that
have COMPLEX properties, which at least
consist of components:

a. Transducer or Sensor or Sensing Element

a. Signal Conditioners, a.l: Amplifiers,

Amplifiers, and Filters,

c. Analog Output Unit (Needle Scale etc.) or

Digital Display or Monitor
 BASIC CONCEPT OF MEASUREAMENT

Instrument
TERMINOLOGY AND DEFINITION

1. Metrology (Metrologi): Science related to

measurement.
2. Instrumentation: The field of science and
technology which includes the design,
manufacture, use of instruments / physical
instruments or instrument systems for the purposes
of detection, research, measurement and
processing of data.

3. Measurement (pengukuran): A series of

activities that aim to determine the value of a
quantity in the form of numbers (quantitative).
TERMINOLOGY AND DEFINITION

4. Accuracy (accuracy): The ability of a

measuring instrument to provide an indication of
the approach to the actual price of the object
being measured. (All measuring devices can be
classified in different levels or classes, depending
on accuracy.)

5. Precision ( ketepatan ): The proximity of

individual measurement values distributed
around the average value or the spread of
individual measurement values from the average
value
TERMINOLOGY AND DEFINITION

6. Sensitivity ( sensitivitas ): A comparison between the

signal output / response of the instrument to the change
in the measured input variable.

7. Repeatability (repeatabilitas): The ability of a

measuring instrument to show the same results from a
measurement process that is repeated and identical.

8. Error ( kesalahan ): Variable deviation measured from

the actual value.

9. Resolution (resoluSI): the smallest change in the value

measured from the response of an instrument.
TERMINOLOGIY AND DEFINITION

10. Calibration (kalibrasi): A series of activities to

determine the conventional truth of the
appointment of a measuring instrument or show
the value of the measured material by
comparing it with the measurement standards
traced to national and / or international
standards.

11. Correction (koreksi): A price added

algebraically to the results of the measuring
instrument to compensate for the addition of
systematic errors.
TERMINOLOGY AND DEFINITION

12. Traceability ( ketertulusan ): Related measurement

results to national / international standards through
measuring equipment with known performance,
standards owned by the laboratory where
measurements are made and the capabilities of lab
personnel Such.
13. Reliability ( kehandalan ): The ability of a measuring
instrument to carry out functions that are desired for a
specified period

14. Uncertainty ( ketidakpastian pengukuran ): Estimated

or estimated range of measurement values where the
true value of the measured object is located.
TERMINOLOGY AND DEFINITION

15. Transducer: Part of a measuring instrument to

change or connect a form of energy or physical
quantity that it receives (sensing element) into
another form of energy, so that it is easily
processed by the next equipment

16. Sensor: The part / element of a measuring

instrument that is directly related to a measured
object (feeling element).

17. Measuring range (range): Large measuring

area between the bottom measuring limit and
the upper measuring limit '
TERMINOLOGY AND DEFINITION

18. Range: Different modulus between the two

nominal range limits of the measuring instrument,
Example: Nominal range - 10V to 10 Volt. 20V
range
 BENEFIT OF MEASUREMENT

• Means to get data to make

decisions
 MEASUREMENT SYSTEM

• A set of processes or activities or

procedures, with input (INPUT) in the
form of measuring instruments, software
and people with objectives (OUTPUT) to
obtain measurement data on the
characteristics being measured.
 MEASUREMENT OBSERVATION METHOD

• Direct method
• Observation directly by looking at the measuring
scale.
• Indirect method
• A method for obtaining measurement quantities by
measuring other quantities where observations are
made directly.
• Deflection
• Observation by converting deviation from the
measuring instrument.
 MEASUREMENT OBSERVATION METHOD

• Zero method
• Efforts to obtain a quantity by calibrating where the
measurement results are equated with a standard
reference.
• Substitution method
• Is a method of a kind of zero method in which the
amount to be measured is substituted with a
reference quantity and the result is a comparison of
the two readings. The advantage is to reduce the
same error in both measuring instruments.
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