Prepared by

WAFA RIAZ
A presentation on
BUILDING MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM
 Contents
• Boiler
• Chiller
• AHU
• FCU
• Solar System
• Exhaust Fans
• Fire System
• Generators
• Elevator
BOILER
BOILER
Hot Water

HVAC
HOT WATER BOILER

“A unit for heating the water

used in the heating,
ventilation, and hot-water
supply systems of buildings
and other types of structure.”
 HVAC BOILER

“It is a fuel burning

apparatus or container
used to heat water at
set temperature. “
 Gas Pipe Line
Ignition Transformer
Pilot Valves
Blower Motor
Temperature Sensor
Water Tank
Electronic Kit
Water Pump
Manual Valve
Transfer Pump
Booster Pump
 HVAC COMPONENTS

 Gas Pipe line:

It is used to transport gas to a system.
Ignition Transformer:
It is used to generate a
spark or heat for the
purpose to turn on the
pilot.
 HVAC COMPONENTS CONT…

Pilot Valve:
It shows the flow
of gas.
Blower Motor:
It is used for the
distribution of fire
all over the burner,
tubes under the tank.
 HVAC COMPONENTS CONT…

Temperature Sensor:
It is used to sense
temperature of flowing
water.
Water Tank:
It is used to store hot
water for use.
 HVAC COMPONENTS CONT…

Electronic Kit:
It is composed of electronic
components which controls
the function of boiler.

Water Pump:
It is used to move water by
pressure.
 HVAC COMPONENTS CONT…

Manual Valve:
It is operated through
a manual operator used
to start and stop the
flow

Transfer Pump:
It transfer the water from one location
to another.
 HVAC COMPONENTS CONT…

Booster pump:
It is used to increase the pressure of
liquid/water when the flow reduces.
 ADVANTAGES

 Boilers provide even heat with no blowing

vents which can cause a drafty feeling.
 The closed system means no allergens are
being put into the air as in a forced air
system.
 Increased humidity level in the air which
promotes a healthier environment. Air
blowing from vents can dry skin and nasal
passages.
 Boiler systems are notoriously quiet. You
won’t hear the system turning on and off.
 DISADVANTAGES

 They take up a large amount of space in.

 Not great for energy efficiency, a
cylinder can lose a lot of heat to the
nearby areas unless extremely well
insulated.
 The amount of hot water is limited to the
size of the cylinder.
 The water pump for the heating and hot
water systems is separate, therefore
extra space is required.
 APPLICATIONS

HVAC boilers are used in:

 Industries
 Buildings
 Hospitals etc.
CHILLER
CHILLERS
 CHILLER

“ A chiller is a machine that

removes heat from a liquid
and used for cooling on large
scale.”
 Centrifugal
Chillers
CHILLERS
Absorption
Chillers
 Centrifugal Chiller

“A gas compressor used for

chilling in which the
compression is obtained by
centrifugal force.”
 Absorption chiller

“Heat-operated refrigeration unit that

uses an absorbent (lithium bromide) as a
secondary fluid to absorb the primary
fluid (water), which is a
gaseous refregerent in the evaporator.
The evaporative process absorbs heat,
thereby cooling the refrigerant (water)
which in turn cools the chilled water
circulating through the heat exchanger”
Equipments of Chiller

Cooling tower

Condenser pump

Chilled Water pump

Variable Frequency Drive

Manual Valve

Temperature Sensor

Flow Sensor

Water Flow Sensor

Drain Valve
Pipe Line
 Equipments of Chillers

 Cooling Tower:
A cooling tower is
a heat rejection
device which extr-
act waste heat to
atmosphere throu-
gh the cooling of a water stream to a
lower temperature.
 Equipments of Chillers Cont…

 Condenser pump:
Condenser water pump
induce condensation in
HVAC system to remove
excess heat outside.
These pumps acts as heat
exchanger for heating and
cooling system.
 Equipments of Chillers Cont…

 Chilled water pump:

Chilled water is often used to cool a
building's air and equipment especially
in situations where many individual
rooms must be controlled specially.
 Equipments of Chillers Cont…

 Variable Frequency Drive:

VFD is a type of adjus-
table speed drive used
in electromechanical
drive system to control
AC motor speed and
torque by varying motor
input frequency and volt-
age.
 Equipments of Chillers Cont…

 Manual Valve:
Manual Valve are those valves that
operate through a manual operator
which are primarily used to stop and
start flow.
 Equipments of Chillers Cont…

 Temperature Sensor:
It is used to sense the temperature of
flowing water.
 Water Flow Sensor:
A flow sensor is a device used to sense the
rate of flowing fluid.
 Drain valve:
It is used to release excess or unwanted
liquid or gases from a storage container.
 Equipments of Chillers Cont…

 Pipe Lines:
A route, channel or process along which
something passes or is provided at
steady rate.
 Advantages of VFD

 Saves Electricity.
 Startup and shutdown control is easy.
 Life of motor increases because it
reduces water burn.
 Efficiency is best of working
temperature.
 Pressure remains constant.
 It controls temperature easily.
 Disadvantages of VFD

 Expensive
 Harmonic issues and damage equipments.
 Generate heat
AIR HANDLING
UNIT
 AIR HANDLING UNIT

“An AHU is a device used to

regulate and circulate air as
a part of HVAC system”
 Conden
Filter Blower
-sor
 Components of AHU

 Filter:
It is used to clean
the air i.e to remove
dust from air and to
improve efficiency of
condenser and blower.
 Components of AHU Cont…

Temperature Sensor:
It is used to sense the temperature of
flowing fluid.
Condenser:
It is heat exchanger
that can transfer heat
to air to carry the
heat away.
 Components of AHU Cont…

Blower:
It is used the transfer
of air to the duct.
Motorized Valve:
Control through BMS as
per time, as per requir-
ement.It is used to find
out the total pressure
drop in a line.
 Pressure
Guages

Water
Temperat Parts
Flow
ure sensor HVAC
sensor

Air Flow
Sensor
 Parts HVAC

 Pressure Gauge:
These are used to
show the pressure
of fluid. If it does
not show the than
we have to check
the pressure. It is
alarming and remain
in position for long
period of time.
 Parts HVAC Cont…

Water Flow Sensor:

It is used to sense flow of water.

Air Flow Sensor:

It is used to sense flow
of air on PLC.
 Parts HVAC Cont…

Temperature Flow Sensor:

It is used to sense
temperature of flowing
water.
FAN COIL UNIT
FAN COIL UNIT
 FAN COIL UNIT

“A FCU is a simple device

consisting of heating and
cooling heat exchanger or
coil and fan. It is a part of
HVAC system”
MOTORIZED TEMPERATURE
VALVE SENSOR

BRITISH MANUAL
THERMAL VALVE
UNIT
 Parts HVAC

Motorized Valve:
Motorized valve use electric motor to
open or close its mechanism.
Temperature Sensor:
It is used to sense the temperature of
flowing water.
British Thermal Unit:
BTU meter is used in chilled water to
bills user for energy usage.
 Parts HVAC Cont…

Manual Valve:
It may be hard to operate and
operated manually.
SOLAR SYSTEM
SOLAR SYSTEM
 SOLAR SYSTEM

“A solar water heating systems

use free heat from the sun to
warm water”
 Valves

Heat
Tanks
Exchanger

COMPONENTS

Solar
Pump
Collectors

Pipes
 COMPONENTS

o Solar Collector:
Solar collector collect heat from the
sun and heat the glycol/water in
tubes/rods.
o Pipes:
Pipes contain glycol/water used to
transfer the flowing water from one
side to another.
 COMPONENTS CONT…

o Pump:
Water flow with the help of pump and
transfer the water from one location to
another location.
o Heat Exchanger:
It is a device used
to transfer heat from
glycol loop to water.
It doubles temperature
of flowing water.
 COMPONENTS CONT…

o Tanks:
One tank is connected to solar system
with the help of pipe. It stores the solar
hot water.
Other tank contains hot water heated
with electricity , natural gas.
o Valves:
The valves are used for mixing of hot
water. Few valves are used for mixing hot
water with cold water.
EXHAUST FANS
EXHAUST FAN
 EXHAUST FAN

“ A fan used for ventilation

of building by drawing air
from inside and throw it
outside called exhaust fan”
 AMMONIA SENSOR

AIR DUMPER MOTOR

WHEEL BELT SUMP

 COMPONENTS

Ammonia Sensor:
It sense the suffo-
cation in basement
or other areas then
transfer the signal
to BMS for exhaust
system operation.
 COMPONENTS CONT…

Air Damper:
It stops or regulate
the flow of air as per
requirement.
Motor:
It provides power to
exhaust fan.
 COMPONENTS CONT…

Belt:
It is used to rotate the wheel.
Wheel:
It revolves the blower motor with the
help of belt.
SUMP:
It is submersible pump whose is fitted
deep under the ground use long pipe and
 COMPONENTS CONT…

SUMP: (cont..)
it can draw water eas-
ily motor dip till 200
feet deep in water. It
is operated automati-
cally.
Fire System
 Fire system

Smoke Fire
Fire Hose
detecto Extinguis
Riser reel
r her

Fire
hydrant
 SMOKE DETECTOR

A smoke detector is a device that senses smoke,

typically as an indicator of fire.
 FIRE EXTINGUISHER

It is used to control fire in emergency

situation.
 FIRE RISER

It is used to distrib-
ute water all over the
building with the help
of pipe.
 HOSE REEL

It is a pipe, can use

for long range fire.
 FIRE HYDRANT

It is a connection point by which fire

fighters can tap into a water supply.
 FIRE SYSTEM COMPONENTS

• FIRE PUMP:
It is a part of fire
protection system.
It increases the
pressure of water
and supply water
quickly.
 FIRE SYSTEM COMPONENTS CONT…

• Fuse type node:

When fire increases certain level the
fuse damage and release the water
pressure.
• Pump panel:
Panel provide power to the pump.
• Water Tank:
Water tank is used to store water.
 FIRE SYSTEM COMPONENTS CONT…

• Pressure switches:
A switch that is tripped when the
pressure of fluid reaches to a set
pressure.
• Manual Valve:
Manual operator operate it used to
start and stop flow, as per requirement.
Generator
 Generator

Generator is used to
convert mechanical
energy into electrical
energy.
 Main diesel
Sub Tank Individual Tank
tank

Generator
Generator Generator
cooling
Exhaust Fresh Air
tower

Cooling
Condenser Coolant
tower
Water mixer
dozing
pump pump
pump
 GENERATOR COMPONENTS

o Main Diesel Tank:

It is used for fuel storage. It comes in
different sizes.
o Sub Tank:
Main diesel tank deliver some fuel to
the sub tank which at that time is used
as per requirement.
 GENERATOR COMPONENTS CONT…

o Individual Tank:
Each generator has its own tank which
takes fuel from sub tank for used.
o Generator Exhaust:
Generator Exhaust system collect
gases and discharge them as quickly as
possible.
 GENERATOR COMPONENTS CONT…
o Generator fresh:
Fresh air is used to cool the generator.
o Generator Cooling Tower:
Cooling tower is a heat rejection device, which
extracts waste heat to the temperature.
o Cooling Tower Dozing Pump:
Used as a inhibitor , add water as per
requirement.
 GENERATOR COMPONENTS CONT…

o Condenser Water Pump:

Condenser water pump induce
condensation in HVAC system, to remove
excess heat outside.
o Coolant Mixer Pump:
It transfer the coolant chemical into
water tank.
o Batteries:
Batteries are used to supply electricity to
the generator.
ELEVATOR
 ELEVATOR

An elevator or is a type of
vertical transportation that
moves people or goods bet-
ween floors (levels, decks)
of a building, vessel, or other
structure.
Looking door VFD Limit switches

Safety Brake Counter

Gears weight

Over
Door
speed Encoder
sensor
Governor
 COMPONENTS

• Looking Door:
the hoist way door locking mechanism provides
a means to mechanically lock the door and the
elevator cannot leave a landing unless the doors
are fully closed and secured.
• Safety gears:
safety gear is a mechanical device for stopping
the car or counter weight by gripping the guide
rails in the event of cars speed attaining a pre
determines value in a downward direction of
travel irrespective what the reason for
increase in speed may be.
 COMPONENTS CONT…

• Over speed governor:

Its function is to actuate the safety gears
if the car speed exceed.
• VFD:
The variable frequency drive is used to
actuate the speed of elevator.
• Brake:
Brake is designed to stop and safely hold
the elevator with the help of spring force.
 COMPONENTS CONT…

• Door sensors:
Door sensors are used to open and
close the door specially used in elevator.
• Counter weight:
It is used to balance the car.
• Encoder:
It is used with the motor. It sends
signals to the motor.