WELCOME

AUGMENTED REALITY

A SEMINAR BY
JEFFREY J M
EC7A
ROLL NO:
 AUGMENTED REALITY-INTRODUCTION

Augmented reality adds graphics, sounds, haptics and smell

to the natural world as it exists

Refers to computer displays that add virtual information to a

user's sensory perceptions.

focuses on see-through devices, usually worn on the head

superimposes graphics over a real world environment in real
time.
 AR: OVERVIEW

field of computer research which deals with the combination of real world
and computer generated data

refers to computer displays that add virtual information to a user's sensory

perceptions.

method for visual improvement or enrichment of the surrounding

environment

introduced as the opposite of virtual reality

adds virtual computer-generated objects, audio and other sense

enhancements
 Goals of AR

• To enhance a person’s performance and perception of the

world

ULTIMATE GOAL??

• Create a system such that no user CANNOT tell the difference

between the real world and the virtual augmentation of it.
 PROPERTIES

• Combines real and virtual objects in a real environment

•Runs interactively, and in real time

•Registers (aligns) real and virtual objects with each other.

 HISTORY

1960-used a see-through HMD

1997-Azuma published a survey

late 1990s-international Workshop and Symposium on

Augmented Reality

Mixed Reality Systems Lab in Japan and the Arvika

consortium in Germany
 Augmented Reality vs.
Virtual Reality

Augmented Reality Virtual Reality:

• System augments the real • Totally immersive
world scene environment

• User maintains a sense of

• Visual senses are under
presence in real world
control of system
(sometimes aural and
• Needs a mechanism to proprioceptive senses
combine virtual and real
too)
worlds
 Miligram’s Reality-Virtuality Continuum

Miligram coined the term “Augmented Virtuality” to identify systems

which are mostly synthetic with some real world imagery added such
as texture mapping video onto virtual objects.
 DISPLAYS

for viewing the merged virtual and real environments

Head-worn displays (HWD)

mount this type of display on their heads
forms images directly on the retina.
Two types of HWDs exist: optical see-through
and video see-through.
Handheld displays.
use handheld, flat-panel LCD
displays
acts as a window or a
magnifying glass

Projection displays.

desired virtual information is projected

directly on the physical objects

can cover large irregular surfaces using an

automated calibration procedure
 What Makes AR Work?

main components of system

backpack computer

differential GPS system

head-worn display
interface

radio communication
This is how AR works.

• Pick A Real World Scene

•Add your Virtual Objects in it

.
•Delete Real World Objects

•Not Virtual Reality since

Environment Real
 Applications:
Manufacturing & Repair
Medical

Augmented view of River Wear in

Sunderland, Newcastle (U.K.) with a
planned footbridge

Surgeon X-ray vision: Minimally-

invasive brain surgery

VR HUDset used in the wire shop to

connect the wires by showing an image
of the circuit and information about type
of wire to be used
 Annotation Robot path planning

Virtual lines help display geometry of

shuttle bay as seen in orbit Virtual lines show planned motion of a robot arm

Engine model part labels appear as user

points at them
 Entertainment Aircraft

Head Up Guidance System (HGS)

Screenshot from the movie“Who Framed Roger Rabbit?”

blending the real character
character and background with computer
generated
generated cartoon characters

Boeing 737 cockpit with Head-up

Display (HUD)
Entertainment: Virtual actors
 Performance Issues

Augmented Reality systems are expected:

• To run in real-time so that the user can move around freely in the
environment
• Show a properly rendered augmented image

Therefore, two performance criteria are placed on the system:

• Update rate for generating the augmenting image
• Accuracy of the registration of the real and virtual image
 Limitations for Updating the Generated Images

• Must be at 10 times/second

• More photorealistic graphics rendering

• Current technology does not support fully lit, shaded and

ray-traced images of complex scenes
 Failures in Registration

Failures in registration due to:

– Noise
• Position and pose of camera with respect to the real scene
• Fluctuations of values while the system is running

– Time delays
• In calculating the camera position
• In calculating the correct alignment of the graphics camera
 Conclusion
 AR is a relatively new field (since 1993) and is far behind VR in
maturity.
 Several vendors sell complete, turnkey VR systems.
 No commercial vendor currently (??) sells an HMD-based AR
system.

 First deployed HMD-based AR system will probably be in the

application of aircraft manufacturing (Boeing is currently exploring
this technology extensively).

 A breakthrough is required in real-time HMD tracking in the outdoors

at the accuracy required by AR for this technology to move ahead
rapidly.

 AR has a great future as it promises better navigation and interaction

with real and virtual world in ways which has previously been
unimaginable.
THANK YOU
QUERIES???