Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Ac a d e m i c
Te x t
Academic Text
Text
stretch of language which perceived as a purposeful connected
whole.
Spoken or written
A product of communication or piece of language whose shape
is motivated by its semantic purposes and pragmatic roles.
Academic Text
A product of communication or pieces of language used for
Structures of
Academic Texts
Minor grammatical units
Words
Phrases
Clauses
Sentences
Paragraph
Set of related sentences
Topic sentence
Major grammatical
Supporting units
sentence
Paragraphs
Paragraph
Topic sentence
Contains the thesis or main idea of a
paragraph
Supporting sentence
The sentence that develops or supports the
thesis or main idea of a paragraph
Patters of Paragraph Development
Deductive Pattern
A paragraph whose topic sentence is stated in the beginning.
Inductive Pattern
A paragraph whose topic sentence is stated in the end.
Deductive-Inductive Pattern
A Paragraph whose topic sentence is stated in the beginning and
restated in the end.
Inductive-Deductive Pattern
A paragraph whose topic sentence is stated
in the middle.
Hinted Pattern
A Paragraph whose topic sentence is not
stated, but implied.
Classification of Paragraphs
Independent Paragraph
A paragraph that stands on its own; it usually serves as a
compostion perse, having a thesis of its own.
Introductory paragraph
A Paragraph that introduces the thesis (main idea) of the
entire composition; it is also called first, opening, starting, or
beginning par.
Developmental Paragraph
A paragraph that develops/supports the thesis of the entire
composition; it is also called developing or supporting par.
Transitional Paragraph
A paragraph that connects two or more paragraphs; it is also
called connecting, linking, or joining paragraph.
Concluding paragraph
A paragraph that serves to end the entire composition; it is also
called closing, ending, finishing, or last paragraph.
Academic Texts as entire Compositions
IBC format
Introduction-Body-Conclusion
ABC format
Abstract-Body-Conclusion
P-V-R
Language Used in Academic Texts
Jargon- language specific to the discipline used
Kind of Jargon Meanings Examples
Language of doctors; terms Osteoporosis, scoliosis,
Medicalese used in the field of medicine leukemia, meningococcemia,
dysmenorrhea, peptic ulcer,
antacid, insomnia, vasectomy,
Language of texters; terms used in R, low batt, txtmsg, sms, cp, http,
Telegraphese telegraphy/texting www, wifi, asl, sop, asap, emo, lipo,
demo, chemo, con-ass, concon, ob-
gyne
Discourse
Any stretch of language larger than a
sentence, whether spoken or written, and
having a logically consistent and unified
Forms of Discourse Meanings Examples
Shorter than the original material Almost the same as the original
Length material
Different from the original material Different from the original material
Wordings
1. Read the selected original material 1. Read the selected original material
Procedures carefully carefully in order to understand its
full and exact meaning.
2. Reread the selection. 2. Write the paraphrase in your own
words.
3. Write the summary as a whole unit 3. Restate the ideas of the original
of composition. entirely.
Mechanics No periods at the Period mark the end Period mark the end
end of entries of entries of entries
Application Used for long or Used for short Used for short
short compositions compositions compositions
Language and Literature English- A Tool for Word Unity and Global Understanding
General Academic A Valedictory Address; Jesus Christ is the Reason for Rejoicing
this Season