PRESENT PERFECT TENSE AND

PAST SIMPLE TENSE

MENA PEBRI SURYANI BR GINTING

ANNA YOSEFA HABEAHAN
FITRI CHASSANOVA
PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

The present perfect tense is formed with a present tense form of "to have"
plus the past participle of the verb (which can be either regular or irregular
in form). Present Perfect Tense (finish time now) is a tense used to express
actions, events, events that happened in the past and still have something to
do with it now or to indicate an event that is completed in a short time.
From the Present Perfect Tense sentence we need to know about :
• The shape of the auxiliary used in the present perfect tense is "to have".
Present perfect tense is composed of subject, auxiliary (have / has), and the
past participle (past tense verb Verb forms III or III).
Ex : - I have eaten some food
- You Have gone to school

• Auxiliary Verb is divided in two forms, namely:

Ex : 1. Singular = - I have, You have, she / he / it has
2. Plural = - We have, You have, They Have

• Past participle or verb in the present perfect tense is used Verb III. Past
participle is divided in two parts :
- Regular verb, for example: talk = talked
- Irregular verb, for example: go = gone
PATTERN
1. Verbal Sentence

+ Subject + Have/Has + Verb 3 + Object

_ Subject + Have/Has + NOT + Verb 3 + Object

? Have/Has + Subject + Verb 3 + Object

Ex : (+) We have cooked fried chicken for two hours

(-) We have not cooked fried chicken for two hours
(?) Have we cooked fried chicken for two hours?
2. Nominal Sentence

+ S + Have/Has + Been + Nominal

- S + Have/Has + Not + Been + Nominal

? Have/Has + S + Been + Nominal

Ex : (+) Iqbaal has been handsome since five years old

(-) Iqbaal has not been handsome since five years old
(?) Has Iqbaal been handsome since five years old?
Note :
TO BE
Have I, You, They, We
Has She, He, It
 Time information that is of often used in the present perfect tense is :

1. So far (Sangat jauh) 7. Not yet (Belum)

2. Up to now (Sampai sekarang) 8. Just (Hanya)
3. Until now (Sampai saat ini) 9. Recently (Baru)
4. Already (Sudah) 10. Since (Sejak)
5. Never (Tidak pernah) 11. For (Untuk)
6. Ever (Pernah) “hanya untuk kalimat tanya”
The Present Perfect Tense function

Function Example
To declare actions committed past - I have waited you since
and still continue to this day afternoon
- He has gone since morning

To explain the actions that have - Budi has given me a book

been completed perfectly - We have helped him

To explain an act of repetition at an - I have never promised to

uncertain time before now met her
- She has ever met us

Warning !!!!
We do not use the present perfect with an adverbial which refers to past time which
is finished:
- I have seen that film yesterday.
- We have just bought a new car last week.
But we can use it to refer to a time which is not yet finished:
- Have you seen Helen today?
- We have bought a new car this week.
 Time information in past tense that is generally used, for

example :

1.From July to December 6.For a long time

2.Yesterday 7.For 10 weeks

3.Two Weeks ago 8.In the 1960s

4.Last Month 9.In the last century

5.In *** 10 10.In the past

 Simple Past Tense
Simple past tense is a type of tenses used to express events that have occurred at a
certain time in the past or events that have occurred, Examples of past tense sentences are
events 1 hour ago, yesterday, a week ago, and events that have occurred.
- This type of event can be short or long.
- It can also be a number of events occurring one by one.
In general, there are two important facts that need to be remembered in this simple
past tense:
- There are hundreds of different types of irregular verbs with different shapes-
The form of negative sentences and questions (interrogative) is different from the
positive sentence form for example:
+ You called Daniel
- You did not call Daniel
? Did you call Daniel?
PATTERN

1. Verbal Sentence
+ Subject + was/were + nominal
- Subject + to be (was/were) + not + nominal
? Did + Subject + Verb I + Object + ?
Ex : + She killed a shake yesterday
- She did not kill a shake yesterday
? Did she kill a shake yesterday ?
2. Nominal Sentence

+ Subject + was/were + nominal

- Subject + to be (was/were) + not + nominal
? Was/were + S + nominal?
Ex : + Last year, Daniel was here
- Last year, Daniel was not her
? Last Year, was Deniel Here ?
 I Was TO BE I

You You
Were They
They
Did / Didn't
We We

He He

Was She
She
It
It

NOTE:
DID is used in the question sentence.
DID NOT (DIDN'T) is used in negative sentences.
TO BE 2 (Was & Were) is used when a sentence has no verb elements (NON VERB)
VERB 2 is only used on positive sentences
The Simple Past Tense Function
1. State activities / activities that have occurred in the past. Usually the offender
in the sentence does not state when the activity ends.

Ex : - I saw a movie yesterday

- He did not wash his car
- Did you have your dinner last night?

2. State some activities that have occurred in the past. Usually the number of
activities is more than one

Ex : - I finished work, walked to the beach, and found a nice place to

swim
- He arrived from the airport at 08.00 Am, checked into the
hotel at 09.00 Am, and met others at 10.00 Am
- Did you add flour, pour in the milk, and then eggs?
3.State the time period for activities that have occurred in the past. The
duration of time described is usually long. Can be two years
Ex: - I lived in Brazil for two years
- Shauna studied Japanese for five years

4. Declare the habits that occur and have stopped in the past. This form is the
same as "Used to". Usually we add time information like always, often, usually.
Ex : - I studied Japanese language when I was child
- She worked at movie theater, when she was in junior high school

5. Declare general truths that have occurred in the past that have not happened
again
Ex : - She was shy as a child , but now she is easy going
- He did not like tomatoes before