UNIT-II

SHEAR FORCE AND BENDING

MOMENT
SYLLABUS:
• Definition of beam
• Types of beams
• Concept of shear force and bending moment
• S.F and B.M diagrams for cantilever, simply
supported and overhanging beams subjected to
point loads, U.D.L., uniformly varying loads and
combination of these loads
• Point of contra flexure
• Relation between S.F., B.M and rate of loading at
a section of a beam.
 Introduction
“A BEAM is a structural member subjected
to a system of external forces at right angle to
its axis.”
Types of beams
 Types of loads

Point load

Uniformly distributed load

Uniformly varying load

Sign conventions for SF & BM
SFD & BMD for cantilever with point
load at free end
 Problems
• A cantilever beam of length 2 m carries the
point loads as shown in figure. Draw the SFD
& BMD.
SFD & BMD for cantilever subjected to
UDL
 Problems
• A cantilever of length 2 m carries a UDL of
1kN/m over a span of 1.5 m from the free end.
Draw SFD & BMD.
• A cantilever beam of length 2m carries a
uniformly distributed load of 3kN/m over a
length of 1.5m from its fixed end and a point
load of 5kN at its free end. Draw the shear
force and bending moment diagrams.
SFD & BMD for cantilever subjected to
UVL W at fixed end to zero at free end
 Problems
• A cantilever of length 4 m carries a UVL, zero
at one end to 2kN/m at the fixed end. Draw
SFD & BMD.
SSB with a point load at mid point
SSB with an eccentric point load
 Problems
• An SSB of length 6 m carries point loads of
3kN & 6kN at distances of 2 m & 4 m from the
left end. Draw the SFD & BMD.
SSB with UDL
 Problems
• Draw the SFD and BMD of a simply supported
beam of length 7 m carrying uniformly
distributed loads as shown in figure below.
 SSB carrying a UVL from zero at each
end to W per unit length at the centre
 SSB carrying a UVL from zero at one
end to W per unit length at other end
 Problems
• An SSB of length 5 m carries a UVL of 800 N/m
run at one end to 1600 N/m run at the other
end. Draw the SFD and BMD. Also calculate
the position and magnitude of maximum BM.
SFD & BMD for overhanging beams
Note: BM is always –ve for the overhanging portion of
the beam
 --
• Draw the SF and BM diagrams for the over-hanging beam carrying
an udl of 2kN/m over the entire length and a point load of 2kN as
shown in figure. Locate the point of contraflexure.

• A horizontal beam AD 10m long carries a uniformly distributed load

of 160N/m together with a concentrated load of 400N at the left
end A. the beam is supported at a point B which is 1m from A and
at C which is on the right hand half of the beam and ‘x’m from the
end.Determine the value of x, if the midpoint is a point of
contraflexure and for this arrangement draw SF & BM diagrams.
 Point of contraflexure
• It is the point where BM is zero after changing
its sign from +ve to –ve.
• Also known as Point of Inflexion.
 Problems
• Draw S.F.D and B.M.D.

• Draw SFD and BMD for the beam shown in

figure indicating the principal values.
• A beam ABC is loaded and supported as
shown in figure. Find the magnitude of the
clockwise moment M to be applied at C so
that the reaction at B will be 30 kN upward
and then draw the Shear Force and Bending
Moment Diagram for the beam.
• A beam ABCD is supported at ‘B’ and ‘C’ and has overhanging
AB and CD. The BMD for this beam is shown below. Determine
loading diagram and SFD for the beam.

• The diagram given below is the SFD for a beam which rest on
two supports, one being on the left hand end. Deduce directly
from the SFD.
i) The BM at 2 m interval along the beam
ii) The loading on the beam and also draw loading and BM
diagrams.
 Relation between SF, BM and Rate of
loading

dF/dX = -W (rate of change of SF = rate of loading)

dM/dX = F (rate of change of BM = SF)