DATA ANALYSIS

TECHNIQUES
 Outline

Introduction to Mediation
Introduction to Moderation
Introduction to Mediated Moderation
Introduction to Moderated Mediation
Preacher and Hayes Process Macro
 Introduction to Mediation

• A mediator mediates the relationship between the

independent and dependent variables – explaining the
reason for such a relationship to exist.
• Another way to think about a mediator variable is that
it carriesan effect. In a perfect mediation, an independent
variable leads to some kind of change to the mediator
variable, which then leads to a change in the dependent
variable.
• However, in practice, the relationships between the
independent variable, mediator, and dependent variable
are not tested for causality, just a correlational
relationship.
 Mediation

IV Path c DV
Trnf Lead Org Eff

MV
EE
Path a Path b

IV Path c` DV
Trnf Lead Org Eff
 Moderation

 Moderation is a way to check whether that third

variable influences the strength or direction of the
relationship between an independent and dependent
variable.
 A moderator variable might change the strength of a
relationship from strong to moderate, to nothing at
all.
 It is almost like a turn dial on the relationship; as
you change values of the moderator, a statistical
relationship that you observed before might dissolve
away.
 Introduction to Moderation

Long Working
Hours

Effective Reward Employee

System Motivation
 Moderated mediation

 Moderated mediation, also known

as conditional indirect effects, occurs when the
treatment effect of an independent variable A on an
outcome variable C via a mediator variable B differs
depending on levels of a moderator variable D.

Mod V
OJ

IV DV
MV
Trnf Lead EMP
EE
 Mediated moderation

 Mediated moderation, is also a conditional

indirect effect, in which mediation occurs before
moderation.

Mod V
Org
Resources

IV DV
MV
Trnf Lead EMP
EM