LINE FOLLOWER ROBOT FOR

HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT
MINOR PROJECT
B TECH MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

M BALAJI RA1611002020028
AKSHAY.V RA1611002020036
L.DHANUSH RA1611002020023
K.C.PRITHVI RAJ RA1611002020052
Under the guidance of
Mr.D.K.MOHAN KUMAR
ASST. PROFESSOR (Sr. G)
Depatprtment of Mechanical Engineering
SRM INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Ramapuram, Chennai.600089
 ABSTRACT
•
•. The main aim of this project is to reduce the work and effort used by
hospital staffs to transfer medical equipments. The line follower robot
works on a simple principle, as the name follows the lines will be
created on the floor for the robot to follow.
• The line will be in black colour because it can only sense black colour.
This robot’s function is to carry the medical equipments to the
mentioned place through the line which will guide the robots.
• This robots will also be used in hospital stretches. if we need to
operate a stretcher we need two people, in emergency cases line
follower robots will be used to reduce the man power and to reduce
the time of transport.this robots will reduce the clinical errors caused.
• Each robot will have there own line allotted to them. sensors will
placed in back and forth of the robot to avoid contact with obstacles
 INTRODUCTION
• A health care system is defined as the organization of the people, resources and
the institute to provide the health care services to the person. The goal of health
care management system is to provide good health.
• This health care system also includes the hospitals, health care institution or
clinics either these are operated by government, private for profit organization
and also private not for profit organizations.
• This health care system includes the health care staff personnel that are doctors,
nurse, security guards, sweepers and many more. And also it is very difficult to
continuous monitoring of the patients.
• The line following robot based health care management system can be very
efficient to continuous monitoring to the patients, wheneverthey need any help
or medicine.
• For continuous monitoring of the patients, health care system needs many
personnel. That robot based health care management system can reduce the fee
for the patients so that they can easily pay that amount of money.
 PROBLEM STATEMENT
• Research shows that number of patients died because of few
numbers of trained medical staff .Shortage of nurses is killing
thousands a year.
• Patients in overstretched hospitals developing fatal
complications which could have been cured .
• A lot of hospitals have stopped recruiting nurses and medical
personnel since 2005 and 2006.
• From the past two years there is an increasing trend of
recruiting more doctors than the nurses.
• If sufficient number of nurses based on the patient numbers
visiting a hospital can be recruited then the number of deaths
can be estimated decreases by 10 %.
SURVEY ON HEALTH EXPENDITURE
 PROPOSED SOLUTION
• Automation is recommended in the material supply delivery system.
The benefits of using the automation techniques in hospitals are as
follows:
• Medical errors have been a major cost to the healthcare delivery
system. First and foremost, there is a human cost.
• Medical errors have caused death, dismemberment, and minor injuries.
Some of the factors contributing to medical errors includes over-
worked and exhausted staff, longer shifts, and increasing amounts of
tasks to be performed.
• All of these, in human beings, contribute to mistakes. If robots can take
away the routine tasks, and clinicians and support staff can reclaim
more focus on tasks and responsibilities that have a more direct impact
on patient care, medical errors should decrease.
• Quality of care improves through reduced medical errors.
 LITERATURE SURVEY
[1] S. E. M. Bajestani and A. Vosoughinia, "Technical report of building a
line follower robot," Electronics and Information Engineering (ICEIE), 2010
International Conference On, Kyoto, 2010, pp. V1-1-V1-5.
[2] Colak, I., Yildirim, D.,"Evolving a Line Following Robot to use in
shopping centers for entertainment",Industrial Electronics, 2009. IECON
'09. 35th Annual Conference of IEEE,pp.3803 - 3807,3-5 Nov. 2009..
[3] Pakdaman, M.; Sanaatiyan, M.M., "Design and Implementation of Line
Follower Robot," Computer and Electrical Engineering, 2009. ICCEE '09.
Second International Conference on , vol.2, no., pp.585-590, 28-30 Dec.
2009.
[4] www.wikipedia.com
[5] M. ZafriBaharuddin, Izham Z. Abidin, S. SulaimanKajaMohideen, Yap
KeemSiah, Jeffrey Tan Too Chuan,"Analysis of Line Sensor Configuration
for the Advanced Line Follower Robot",University Tenaga Nasional.
 DESIGN METHODOLOGY
COMPONENTS OF LINE FOLLOWER ROBOT:
1. IR PROXIMITY SENSOR 3. MOTOR DRIVER

2. ADRUINO UNO 4. GEAR MOTOR

 ROBOT CHASIS

COMPLETE LINE FOLLOWER ROBOT

 COMPONENT DESCRIPTION
SENSOR SECTION :
• This section contains IR diodes,
potentiometer, Comparator and
LED’s.
• Potentiometer is used for setting
reference voltage at comparator’s
one terminal and IR sensors are
used to sense the line and provide
a change in voltage at comparator’s
second terminal.
• Then comparator compares both
voltages and generates a digital
signal at output.
ARDUINO UNO :
• Arduino UNO is the main controller in the project. The data from the
sensors (IR Sensors) will be given to Arduino and it gives
corresponding signals to the Motor Driver IC.

MOTOR DRIVER :
• L293D Motor Driver IC is used in this project to drive the motors of the
robot. It receives signals from Arduino based on the information from
the IR Sensors.

GEARED MOTORS :
• We have used two geared motors at the rear of the line follower robot.
These motors provide more torque than normal motors and can be
used for carrying some load as well.
 ANALYSIS
• Line follower robot senses black line by using sensor and then
sends the signal to arduino. Then arduino drives the motor
according to sensors' output.
• Here in this project we are using two IR sensor modules namely
left sensor and right sensor. When both left and right sensor
senses white then robot move forward.
• If left sensor comes on black line then robot turn left side.
• If right sensor sense black line then robot turn right side until
both sensor comes at white surface. When white surface comes,
robot starts moving on forward again.
• If both sensors comes on black line, robot stops.
BLOCK DIAGRAM
WORKING
 ADVANTAGES
• There is no need for a human operator, the robot can perform the
repetitive tasks that follow the same path on its own.
• Used for long distance applications.
• Used in home, industrial automation and Health Care.
• Cost effective.
• Simplicity of building.
 DISADVANTAGES
• Line follower robot follows a black line about 1 or 2 inches in width
on a white surface.
• Line tracing robots are simple robots with an additional sensors
placed on them.
• It always needs a path to run either white or black since the IR rays
should reflect from the particular path.
• Slow speed and instability on different line thickness or hard
angles.
 CONCLUSION
• The cost of health care majorly depends upon the expensive machinery,
land and building and round the clock staff to maintain and use that
machinery.
• In a country like India where the population is humongous and
resources are scarce.
• It becomes really difficult to set up such a capital extensive project at
each and every location with availability of skilled staff.
• So what this system provides is an alternate to the existing system by
replacing manual labor with robotic machinery, which in turn can
handle more patients in less time with better accuracy and a lower per
capita cost.