June 2003

JUNE 200
Welcome
© 2003, Exide Industries Limited. All rights reeserved.
 June 2003

JUNE 200
Seminar On Standby Batteries
© 2003, Exide Industries Limited. All rights reeserved.
Selection Of Batteries For Generating Exide Industries Limited

Station And Substation

•Application :
–Unit Battery
–Substation Battery
–PLCC
–24/26v C & I Battery
–UPS Battery
–Battery for VHF set

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Battery Is Considered To Be The Exide Industries Limited

“HEART”Of The Power Plant

• Battery provides the ultimate and final DC back-

up for operating emergency equipments which
power the turbo generators (viz. emergency oil
pumps etc.)
• DC power for operation of all switchgear,
protection relays, indicating lamps and facia
• Power for emergency lighting within the
generating station building
• Uninterrupted power for controlling C & I
equipment and associated ups systems
• Power for vital communication equipment (plcc),
essential for resynchronising the unit with the grid
or for reviving the grid in the case of a major grid 4
failure April 10, 2019

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What If The Battery Fails In An Exide Industries Limited

Emergency

• Unit Battery
– The emergency oil pump will not operate which
could lead to seizure of the rotor bearings
– Loss of hundred of crores of rupees towards
repairing the rotor and generation revenue loss
while the unit is out of commission
– Switchgear associated with generator may not trip
which could lead to generating transformer
damage
– Failure of instrumentation and control
– Total darkness in the powerhouse
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 Exide Industries Limited

• Substation
– Switchgear and relays will not operate causing
extensive damage to transformers and power lines
• PLCC
– Extremely difficult to resynchronise the unit with the
grid
– Major setback in the process of reviving the grid in
the event of a regional grid failure
– If the battery fails while the unit is in operation, it
may become essential to shutdown

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The Single Most Important Feature Of Exide Industries Limited

Batteries For Power Sector Application Is

•Reliability
–Reliable standby power source
–Deliver power as and when called for
–Full capacity at any point of time in service life
–Predictability

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What Is A Battery ? Exide Industries Limited

•A battery is an array of similar electrical

storage cells

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What Is an Electrical Storage Cell ? Exide Industries Limited

• An electrical storage cell consists of two dissimilar

electrodes immersed in an electrolyte.
• It stores electrical energy in form of chemical
energy.
• When the circuit is made between its positive &
negative electrodes, there is a chemical reaction
in the cell and it delivers electricity – Direct
Current (D.C) through the circuit.

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 Family Tree Of Electrical Storage Cells Exide Industries Limited

Primary Cell Secondary Cell

Litihium Ammonium Silver Alkaline Lead Acid

Oxide Chloride Oxide Cells Cells

Ni Cad NiFe

SLI or Industrial
Automotive

Standby Motive Power

VRLA Fiat Pasted Tubular Planté Traction Train Diesel EMU 10

Lighting Starter April 10, 2019

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What Is A Lead Acid Battery ? Exide Industries Limited

• Basic electrochemical reaction participants :

Positive Electrode PbO2
Negative Electrode Pb
_ +
Electrolyte H2SO4
LEAD DIOXIDE
SOFT LEAD

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H2S04 - ELECTROLYTE
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How Does A Lead Acid Battery Work ? Exide Industries Limited

Charged Discharged
+ve -ve electrolyte +ve -ve

Pbo2 + Pb + 2H2SO4 PbSO4 + PbSO4 + 2H2O

Lead Spongy Dilute Lead Lead Water

Peroxide Lead SulphurAcid Sulphate Sulphate

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Types Of Plates Exide Industries Limited

A. Positive
l Planté Type : Cast out of 99.99% pure Lead
has a fine lamaellar structure
l Flat Pasted Type : Grid holds the active material and
carries the current
l Tubular Type : Red lead (Pb3O4) and Grey
oxide (PbO) mixture is filled
in tubes and spine of lead-
alloy runs through the centre of
entire tube length. Tube retails
the active material firmly and
spine carries the current
B. Negative
Flat pasted type always
l
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Flat Pasted Plates Exide Industries Limited

 CHARGE / DISCHARGE CYCLES

 FAILURE BY SHEDDING
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 MAXIMUM 200 CYCLES © 2003, All rights reeserved.
Features Of Automotive Flat Plate Exide Industries Limited

• Grid : (Current Collector) cast into a lattice

structure
• Active Material : Pasted on to the lattice

• Suited For :
– High current discharge
– Short backup time (Shallow) discharge
– Non-cyclic application

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Tubular Plate Exide Industries Limited

X
Y
LUG

TUBE

Y
BOTTOM BAR 16
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CONSTRUCTION OF TUBULAR
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POSITIVE PLATE
Cross-Section Of Tubular Plate Exide Industries Limited

RESIN SHEATH

SPINE (LEAD ALLOY)

SPINE

ACTIVE MATERIAL
ACTIVE MATERIAL (LEAD OXIDE)

TUBE TUBE
RESIN CURED
(TERYLENE GAUNTLET)

BOTTOM BAR

SECTION – ‘YY’ SECTION – ‘XX’

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CONSTRUCTION OF TUBULAR POSITIVE PLATE (contd.)
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Features Of Tubular Positive Exide Industries Limited

• Grid : Cast in the form of a series of

rods (Spines) attached to a
common bar
• Active Material : Physically packed around
spine and retained in position
by a synthetic material jacket
(Gauntlet)

• Suited For :
• Extended backup time ( Deep) discharge
• Cyclic (Repeated charge – discharge) application 18
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Features Of Planté Positive Plate Exide Industries Limited

• Grid / Plate : Cast of 99.99% pure lead

• Active Material : No externally incorporated
active material, surface layer
of grid itself is converted to
active material
• Suited For :
• High current discharges for short backup time
• Highest reliability in terms of zero degradation
over a long service life

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Planté Positive and Negative Plates Exide Industries Limited

Negative Plate Positive Plate

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Exide Planté Features Exide Industries Limited

• High discharge voltage profile

• Quick recharge
• Low – low maintenance
• No performance degradation
• Easy monitoring
• Clean environment
• Extended life
• High salvage value

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Advantage Planté Exide Industries Limited

• Higher energy output compared to tubular

– Lower capacity planté cells meet given application
– Planté batteries give about 90% more energy
output than tubular of same capacity when
discharge at 3hr. Rate upto 1.90 V.P.C.

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Advantage Planté Exide Industries Limited

• Very low maintenance / topping up frequency

– With ceramic vent plug, YHP range require topping
up once in 18 months
– Tubulars need topping up once in 2 months

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Advantage Planté Exide Industries Limited

• Capable of rapid recharging

– Due to lower internal resistance
– Large surface area
– Liberal amount of electrolyte
– After deep discharge, maximum rate of 0.25X C10
upto 2.4 volts per cell

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Advantage Planté Exide Industries Limited

100% capacity retention during life span

Capacity appreciates during life as follows :-

New Cell Upto 5 years Upto 8 years 12 years

100% 110% 115% 125%

In the case of other batteries

There is a constant degradation of capacity throughout
service life
Maximum 20% degradation by end of service life
Necessitates addition of degradation factor during design
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Advantage Planté Exide Industries Limited

• Visual assurance of batteries health

– Transparent containers, easy inspection and
maintenance – totally reliable
– Other batteries have opaque / translucent
containers – prevents visual monitoring, and can
lead to sudden failure during emergency due to
open circuit / short circuits

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Exide Planté Cells Design And Exide Industries Limited

Construction

• Conforms to IS 1652
• High performance planté positive plates
• Paste negative plates
• Microporous ribbed separators
• Transparent ‘SAN’ containers
• Moisture arresting and explosion proof
microporous vent plug

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Exide Planté Range Exide Industries Limited

PLANTÉ RANGE COMES IN 2V

CONFIGURATION ONLY
• YAMP SERIES : 16 Ah – 64 Ah

• YKP SERIES : 75 Ah – 400 Ah

• YHP SERIES : 535 Ah – 2250 Ah

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Planté Cells Exide Industries Limited

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Maintenance Exide Industries Limited

• Topping up
• Charging
• Checking and cleaning of terminals
• In a lead acid battery, charging & cleaning /
checking of terminals cannot be avoided

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