PHYSICAL ASSESSMENT

SKILLS

• INSPECTION
• PALPATION
• PERCUSSION
• AUSCULTATION
INSPECTION

TO USE THE SENSES OF

VISION, SMELL, AND
HEARING TO OBSERVE
THE NORMAL CONDITION
OR ANY DEVIATIONS
FROM NORMAL OF
VARIOUS BODY PARTS.
PALPATIONS

• TO TOUCH AND FEEL BODY PARTS WITH

HANDS IN ORDER TO DETERMINE THE
FOLLOWING CHARACTERISTICS :
1. Texture [roughness/smoothness]
2. Temperature [ warm/hot/cold]
3. Moisture [ dry, wet or moist]
4. Motion [ stillness/vibration]
5. Consistency of structures[solid/fluid filled]
TECHNIQUE;
1. Expose body parts being observed while
keeping the rest of client properly draped
2. Always look before touching
3. Use good lighting
4. Provide a warm room for examination of the
client
5. Observe for color, size, location, texture,
symmetry, odors and sounds
Technique;
1. Examiner’s fingernails should be short
2. The most sensitive part of the hand should
be used to detect various sensations
3. Light palpation precedes deep palpation
4. Tender areas are palpated last
5. Three different types of palpation may be
used depending on the purpose of the exam
SENSITIVITY OF PARTS OF THE HAND

• Fingertips  pulsations

• Palmar/ulnar surface  thrills, fremitus

• Dorsal surface[ back of hand ] temperature

PERCUSSION
TO TAP A PORTION OF THE BODY TO ELICIT
TENDERNESS OR SOUNDS THAT VARY WITH
THE DENSITY OF UNDERLYING STRUCTURES.

TECHNIQUE :
TWO TYPES OF PERCUSSION MAY BE USED
DEPENDING ON PURPOSE OF TECHNIQUE
HASIL PERKUSI
• TYMPANY

• RESONANCE

• HYPERRESONANCE

• DULLNESS

• FLATNESS
AUSCULTATION
• TO LISTEN FOR VARIOUS BREATH, HEART AND
BOWEL SOUNDS, USING STETHOSCOPE

TECHNIQUE

• THE DIAPHRAGM AND BELL ARE USED

DIFFERENTLY TO DETECT VARIOUS SOUNDS
 PERSIAPAN PENGKAJIAN
• PERSIAPAN RUANGAN

• PERSIAPAN ALAT

• PERSIAPAN PASIEN
 BASIC PRINCIPLES
• Explain the procedures to the client at the
beginning of the evaluation and restate them as
the examination proceed

• Use ahead to toe approach

• Move from external to internal . Begin with

observation and then use instruments of perform
digital examination
Next…
• Examine normal or unaffected areas before
observing abnormal areas or parts of the body
where the client describes symptoms.
• Observe for body symmetry, comparing one
side to the other.
• Perform the phyical examination while
standing on the client’s right.
 RUANG LINGKUP PEMERIKSAAN FISIK
• VITAL SIGNS
• ANTROPOMETRIC
• GENERAL APPEARANCE
• SKIN
• LIMPH NODES
• HEAD
• EYES
• EARS
Next………….
• NOSE
• MOUTH
• NECK
• THORX AND LUNGS
• BREAST EXAM
• HEART
• ABDOMEN
• GENITALIA
Next…………..
• RECTUM AND ANUS
• MUSCULOSKELETAL
EXTREMITIES
 SPINE AND BACK
• NEUROLOGICAL
SKIN
• COLOR
• MOISTURE
• TEMPERATURE
• TEXTURE
• MOBILITY AND TURGOR
• VASCULARITY
• LESIONS
NAILS ; COLOR & SHAPE
HAIR
• COLOR
• TEXTURE
• DISTRIBUTION
• SCALP
EYES
• VISUAL ACUITY
• VISUAL FIELD
• EXTERNAL EYE [ KELOPAK MATA,
CONJUNGTIVA, SCLERA, PUPIL THD REAKSI
CAHAYA ]