 Pakistan was a cherished dream of the Muslims

of sub-continent. They suffered a lot on account

of it.
 Pakistan inherited many problems related to
territory loss.
 Muhammad Ali Jinnah was the first Governor-
General and Liaquat Ali khan was the first Prime
Minister of Pakistan.
 The birth of Pakistan spelled the death of several
political parties by allying themselves with the
Congress party, whereas some muhajirs gained
power.
 Communal Riots and Refugee Problems
 The antipathy and hostility of India towards its new neighbor was natural.
 Communal riots (Mater Tara Singh)erupted throughout Pakistan and India.
 Sectarian violence continued to wrack both new states.
 Massacres in Punjab alone resulted in almost half a million deaths in a matter
of months.(Facts of first census, 1951).
 The riots and sectarian violence created a vast sea of refugees and left
property and infrastructure destroyed.
 Rehabilitation of Refugees/Administrative Problems
 There was hardly any office or residential accommodation for officers who
were responsible to accommodate refugees.
 Although offices were installed in private buildings and barracks.
 Temporary relief camps and Refugee camps for the Muslims were set up in the
boundary areas. Partition Council was also constituted.
 Regional Challenges
 Baluchistan merged after getting its demands fulfilled with great difficulty.
 Threats to Security
 Issue of Kashmir, resolutions by UNO and flouting
by India time and again.
 Economic Problems
 Difficulties in irrigation.
 Distribution of assets.
 Communication and transportation.
 Foreign trade.
 Political Problems
 Delay in constitution making.
 Institutional Crisis
 No proper Army.
 No proper Civil Service.
 Unfavorable Global Relations/Weak Foreign
Relations.
 State Language Movement
 Hope for independence for Bengal led many to
demand Bengali as a State language but their
wish could not get materialized.
 New nation’s coins and stamps were in English
and Urdu alone.
 Leadership Crisis
 The government made all possible efforts to solve the
aforementioned problems faced by newly born Pakistan and
made the following efforts to mitigate the adverse effects.
 Top priority was given by government to defense and in
making/mending relations with foreign countries.
 Rehabilitation of “Muhajareen” was taken with keen interest.
 Five year economic plans was another earnest effort in this
direction.
 Government gave full attention to the problem of constitution
making but still it took many years to draft the first constitution of
Pakistan.
 Federal Public Service Commission was constituted to redesign
the Civil Service of Pakistan.
 International treaties were signed in a great number.