HUMAN TRAFFICKING

Athena Antequisa – X Phi

What is Human Trafficking?

▪ Human trafficking is the trade of humans for the

purpose of forced labor, sexual slavery, or
commercial exploitation for the trafficker or others.
Who’s Involved?

▪ The Recruiter
▪ The Victim
▪ The Trafficker
▪ The Human Trafficking Industry
Causes of Trafficking

 Unemployment
 Poverty
 Lack of social safety
 Political Instability
 Low Risk and High profit
Who are trafficked?

 Women and children are key target

 People of low income / who’re unemployed
 People of low education
Young girls running away from home
 People who lack awareness of their legal rights
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A 1 5
C 4
T
I 8
6 7
V
I
T 9 11
10
Y
Trafficked for what?

▪ Prostitution ▪ Domestic Servitude

▪ Sweatshops ▪ Bonded Labor
▪ Illegal adoption ▪ Forced Labor
▪ Organ Transplants ▪ Child Labor
▪ Forced Marriage ▪ Drug Trafficking
▪ Mail-order Brides
The Victims
▪ The majority of trafficking victims are between 18
and 24 years of age
▪ An estimated 1.2 million children are trafficked each
year
▪ 95% of victims experienced physical or sexual
violence during trafficking
Cont…

▪ 43% of victims are used for forced commercial

sexual exploitation, of whom 98% are women and
girls
▪ 32% of victims are used for forced economic
exploitation, of whom 56% are women and girls
▪ Many trafficking victims have at least middle-level
education
How are victims trafficked?

▪ Force, fraud, and coercion are methods used by

traffickers to press victims into lives of servitude &
abuse
▪ Force: Rape; Beatings; Confinement
▪ Fraud: False and deceptive offers of employment;
marriage; better life
▪ Coercion: Scheme, Plan, or Pattern intended to cause
victims to believe that failure to perform an act would
result in restraint against them
Means of Control

▪ Beating, Burning, Rape, ▪ Debt Bondage

or Starvation
▪ Threats of Deportation
▪ Isolation
▪ Hostage of related
▪ Psychological abuses people
▪ Drug or alcohol
dependency
▪ Document Withholding
Abuses

Physical or
Sexual Abuse
Abuses

Hostage of
Family
Members
Abuses

Verbal Abuse
Abuses

Imprisonment
Abuses

Little or No
Access to
Health Care
Abuses

Minimum Food
of Low Quality
Abuses

Dirty and
Cramped
Living
Conditions
Abuses

Forced
Abortions
Abuses

Forced use of
Drugs and
Alcohol
Philosophies of a Trafficker

▪ False promises and ▪ “You will work 18+ hours

dreams a day & give every dime
to me”
▪ Cut off communications
▪ “If you keep $ from me, I
▪ Take away your Identity
will teach you a lesson”
▪ Beat/Rape into
▪ “If you call the police, I
submission
will kill you”
▪ Sell to strangers
Impact to Society

▪ Fuels organized crime ▪ Subverts Government

Authority
▪ Deprives country of
human capital ▪ Imposes Enormous
Economic Cost
▪ Promotes Social
Breakdown
▪ Undermines Public
Health
 Impact to Victim

▪ May suffer PTSD ▪ May not be able to trust

– Nightmares, intrusive thoughts, again
flashbacks
▪ Loss of Support from
▪ Many will avoid treatment Family/Community
because of shame
▪ Loss of Proper Education
▪ Constant fear
▪ Obstacles in Physical
▪ May attempt suicide Development
Who provides victim services?

▪ NGO – Non ▪ Lutheran Family Services

Governmental
▪ Salvation Army
Organizations
▪ Covenant House
▪ Faith-based
Organizations ▪ Domestic Violence
Shelters
▪ Social Service Providers
▪ Catholic Charities
SOME COUNTRIES WITH
HUMAN TRAFFICKING
RUSSIA
According to the
report, Russia recently
expanded bilateral
agreements with North
Korea that allow for labor
camps and “slave-like
conditions” for workers
within Russian borders.
About 20,000 workers
from North Korea are sent
to Russia each year. The
country has been rated
Tier 3 since 2013.
CHINA

According to The
Diplomat,
demographic
challenges created by
the country’s one-
child policy have led
Chinese men to find
wives through sex
trafficking.
IRAN
Migrants, particularly
those from
Afghanistan, are
coerced into combat
roles in Syria, and
children as young as 3
years old work as
street beggars under
the threat of physical
and sexual abuse.
 Forced and compulsory
BELARUS labor are used as
punishment for various
offenses in Belarus,
including government
criticism and failure of
unemployed people to
pay a fine. About 7,000
people suffering from
alcoholism or drug
dependencies are held in
“medical labor centers”
with an obligation to
work, according to the
report.
VENEZUELA

Venezuela fell to Tier 3

in 2014 after President
Nicolas Maduro’s rise to
authority in 2013. Sex
trafficking and child sex
tourism are common,
particularly among
women lured from
poorer regions to
tourism hubs.
NORTH KOREA
The Global Slavery
Index reports that over
one million North
Koreans are estimated
to be in modern-day
slavery. Of those,
approximately 100,000
to 200,000 work
internationally,
performing slave labor
for the Kim regime.
 IN THE
PHILIPPINES
Human Trafficking in the Philippines is a crime
against humanity. In an effort to deal with the
problem, the Philippines passed R.A. 9208, the
Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act of 2003, a penal law
against human trafficking, sex tourism, sex slavery
and child prostitution.
 TRAFFICKING VICTIMS

▪ Approx. 300,000 are WOMEN

▪ 60,000 TO 100,000 are CHILDREN
▪ 80% are FEMALES YOUNGER than 18
 PROBLEMS
POVERTY

FILIPINOS WORKING ABROAD

CORRUPTION
 THE IMPACT OF POVERTY ON CHILDREN

Poverty greatly affects the capability of parents to

provide for their children. Basic necessities are hardly met, if
they are at all provided, especially in the extremely poor
areas; children end up doing things which normally would not
be expected of a child. Many children are forced or expected
to work to help augment the household income. Under these
conditions, the rights of both parents and children ought to
be seen to by government, with interventions addressing
economic as much as the social conditions of poor families.
 THE GENERAL SITUATION OF CHILDREN
IN THE PHILIPPINES

Filipinos generally believe that children are

blessings and should therefore be treasured.
Ironically, it is this same belief that allows parents to
have more children than their individual and
collective capacities can provide and care for
financially, emotionally, and psychologically. On the
average, Filipino families have six children. It is
common to find families in the rural areas who have
from four to 13 children.
 CHILD LABOR

The 2001 Survey on Children 5–17 years old

shows that of the estimated 24.9 million children
aged 5–17, about 4.0 million (16.2%) were
engaged in some form of economic activity. This
revealed an increase of 0.2 percent compared to
the reported 3.6 million working children in 1995.
The increase was more significant for the 5–9 and
the 10–14 age brackets.
 CONT…

With a ratio of 173:100, male children were more

likely to work compared with their female
counterparts. The number of economically active
male children exceeded the females for all age
groups. Working children were revealed to also have
a high propensity to drop out of school, with the
children’s loss of interest and insufficient household
income to support their education cited as the two
most common reasons.
ECONOMIC IMPACT of HUMAN TRAFFICKING

POVERTY and
EDUCATION will
come hand in hand
 FILIPINOS WORKING ABROAD
The Philippine economy is dependent on
Filipinos working overseas. Structures are in place
to help move over 1 million Filipinos a year to jobs
abroad. The same legal structures can be illegally
exploited by human traffickers.

10% of total population & 22% of working age

are employed abroad
"Oy, maayo kay dia ka (Oy, it’s good you are
here),"
 CORRUPTION
Corruption helps enable trafficking at every
point in the process, from recruitment to

MONEY
departure from the country.

Many observers wonder why the trafficking trade

continues to thrive in the face of its nearly
universal condemnation. One word summarizes
the answer…
 CORRUPTION
The international slave trade is believed to bring
in more than US $150 billion each year. Every region has its
share of the slave trade, but 56 percent of the total global
number of slaves – more than 11 million people – are in the
Asia-Pacific region. Half of those (56 percent) are slaves in
their home country. In industry terms, slave labor accounts
for US $43 billion annually in the construction, agriculture,
manufacturing, and mining industries, and almost US $100
million in the sex trade industry.
 TIER 1
Countries whose governments
fully meet the Trafficking Victims
Protection Act’s (TVPA) minimum
standards.
 TIER 2
Countries whose governments
do not fully meet the TVPA’s
minimum standards, but are
making significant efforts to bring
themselves into compliance with
those standards.
 TIER 2 – Watch list
▪ Countries whose governments do not fully meet the TVPA’s
minimum standards, but are making significant efforts to bring
themselves into compliance with those standards AND:
a) The absolute number of victims of severe forms of trafficking is
very significant or is significantly increasing
b) There is a failure to provide evidence of increasing efforts to
combat severe forms of trafficking in persons from the previous year
c) The determination that a country is making significant efforts to
bring itself into compliance with minimum standards was based on
commitments by the country to take additional future steps over the
next year.
 TIER 3
Countries whose governments
do not fully meet the minimum
standards and are not making
significant efforts to do so.
 TIER 1 COUNTRIES

Czech Republic Japan Slovakia

Denmark Korea, South Slovenia
Estonia Lithuania Spain
Finland Luxembourg Sweden
France Netherlands Switzerland
Georgia New Zealand Taiwan
Germany Norway United Kingdom
Guyana Philippines United States of
Israel Poland America
Italy Portugal Canada
 TIER 2
Afghanistan Cambodia Ethiopia
Albania Cameroon Ghana
Antigua & Barbuda Costa Rica Greece
Armenia Cote d’Ivoire Honduras
Azerbaijan Croatia Iceland
Barbados Curacao India
Benin Djibouti Indonesia
Brazil Dominican Ireland
Brunei Republic Jamaica
Bulgaria Ecuador Jordan
Burkina Faso Egypt Kazakhstan
Cabo Verde El Salvador Kenya
 TIER 2 – Watch List
Algeria Guatemala Malaysia
Angola Guinea Maldives
Bangladesh Guinea-Bissau Mali
Bhutan Haiti Mongolia
Bosnia & Hong Kong Montenegro
Herzegovina Hungary Nicaragua
Central African Iraq Niger
Republic Kuwait Nigeria
Chad Kyrgyz Republic Saudi Arabia
Cuba Liberia Tajikistan
Fiji Macau Uzbekistan
The Gambia Madagascar Zimbabwe
 TIER 3
Belarus Eritrea Turkmenistan
Belize Gabon Venezuela
Bolivia Iran
Burma Korea, North SPECIAL CASE
Burundi Laos Libya
China (PRC) Mauritania St. Maarten
Comoros Papua New Somalia
Congo, Guinea Yemen
Democratic Rep. of Russia
Congo, Republic of South Sudan
Equatorial Guinea Syria
 Prosecution
The government maintained law enforcement
efforts. The 2003 and 2012 anti-trafficking acts
criminalize sex and labor trafficking and prescribe
penalties of six years to life imprisonment plus fines
of up to 5 million pesos ($100,820), which are
sufficiently stringent and commensurate with those
prescribed for other serious crimes, such as rape. The
law defines purchasing commercial sex acts from a
child as a trafficking offense.