EUROPEAN UNION

EU
European Union

28 1st
INTRODUCTION Member States Economy in the world

7% 510 million 30%

World’s population combined population of
EU Member States Global GDP
 EU
European Union

24 55%
INTRODUCTION Official Languages Combined worldwide official
development assistance

9th May Motto €

Europe Day United in Diversity Currency Symbol
 A circle with twelve
yellow stars against a
blue background as a
EUROPEAN FLAG
symbol of unity, solidarity
and harmony among the
peoples of Europe
 THE FOUNDERS

Konrad Robert Winston Alcide Jean

ADENAUER SCHUMAN CHURCHILL DE GASPERI MONNET
Binding for all the EU's activities
- 54 articles under 6 titles

• Dignity
• Freedom THE EU
• Equality CHARTER OF
• Solidarity FUNDAMENTAL
• Citizen’s Rights RIGHTS
• Justice
 COMMON
VALUES

Freedom of speech
Freedom of the press
Freedom of religion
Freedom of association
Gender equality
Protection of minorities
Against the death penalty
Protection of the environment
 HISTORY

1951 1986
The Treaty of Paris: Established the European The Single European Act (SEA): Amended the EEC
Coal and Steel Community. Treaty and paved the way for completing the single
market.

The Treaties of Rome: Established the
European Economic Community (EEC) and
the European Atomic Energy Community
(Euratom).
1957
The Treaty of the European Union (TEU) – Treaty of
Maastricht [1992]: Established the European Union,
gave the Parliament more say in decision-making and
added new policy areas of cooperation.
1992
 HISTORY

1997 2007
The Treaty of Amsterdam: Amended previous The Treaty of Lisbon: Simplified working methods and
treaties. voting rules, created a President of the European Council
and introduced new structures to the EU. The latest
treaty also introduced the High Representative and Vice
President position, held by Federica Mogherini.

The Treaty of Nice: Streamlined the EU institutional

system ahead of the wave of new Member States in 2004,
so that it could continue to work effectively.

2001
 Enlargements : the founding members
ICELAND

1951
Founding Members NORWAY
FINLAND

Belgium SWEDEN
ESTONIA
France LATVIA
DENMARK
IRELAND
Germany UNITED
LITHUANIA
KINGDOM
Italy NETHERLAND
POLAND
BELGIUM GERMANY
Luxembourg LUXEMBOURG
CZECH
REPUBLIC SLOVAKIA
FRANCE
Netherlands SWITZERLAND AUSTRIA
HUNGARY
SLOVENIA ROMANIA
CROATIA
ITALY SERBIA
PORTUGAL
BOSNIA-HR
SPAIN MONTENEGRO BULGARIA
FYROM
ALBANIA
TURKEY

GREECE

CYPRUS
MALTA
Enlargement I
ICELAND

1973 FINLAND
NORWAY

SWEDEN
ESTONIA
Denmark DENMARK LATVIA
IRELAND
Ireland UNITED
LITHUANIA
KINGDOM
United Kingdom NETHERLAND
POLAND
BELGIUM GERMANY
LUXEMBOURG
CZECH
REPUBLIC SLOVAKIA
FRANCE

SWITZERLAND AUSTRIA
HUNGARY
SLOVENIA ROMANIA
CROATIA
ITALY SERBIA
PORTUGAL
BOSNIA-HR
SPAIN MONTENEGRO BULGARIA
FYROM
ALBANIA
TURKEY

GREECE

CYPRUS
MALTA
Enlargement II
ICELAND

1981 FINLAND
NORWAY

Greece SWEDEN
ESTONIA

DENMARK LATVIA
IRELAND
LITHUANIA
UNITED
KINGDOM

NETHERLAND
POLAND
BELGIUM GERMANY
LUXEMBOURG
CZECH
REPUBLIC SLOVAKIA
FRANCE

SWITZERLAND AUSTRIA
HUNGARY
SLOVENIA ROMANIA
CROATIA
ITALY SERBIA
PORTUGAL
BOSNIA-HR
SPAIN MONTENEGRO BULGARIA
FYROM
ALBANIA
TURKEY

GREECE

CYPRUS
MALTA
Enlargement III
ICELAND

1986 FINLAND
NORWAY

Portugal SWEDEN
ESTONIA

Spain IRELAND
DENMARK LATVIA

LITHUANIA
UNITED
KINGDOM

NETHERLAND
POLAND
BELGIUM GERMANY
LUXEMBOURG
CZECH
REPUBLIC SLOVAKIA
FRANCE

SWITZERLAND AUSTRIA
HUNGARY
SLOVENIA ROMANIA
CROATIA
PORTUGAL ITALY SERBIA
BOSNIA-HR
SPAIN MONTENEGRO BULGARIA
FYROM
ALBANIA
TURKEY

GREECE

CYPRUS
MALTA
Enlargements IV
ICELAND

1995 FINLAND
NORWAY

Austria SWEDEN
ESTONIA

Finland IRELAND
DENMARK LATVIA

LITHUANIA
Sweden UNITED
KINGDOM

NETHERLAND
POLAND
BELGIUM GERMANY
LUXEMBOURG
CZECH
REPUBLIC SLOVAKIA
FRANCE

SWITZERLAND AUSTRIA
HUNGARY
SLOVENIA ROMANIA
CROATIA
PORTUGAL ITALY SERBIA
BOSNIA-HR
SPAIN MONTENEGRO BULGARIA
FYROM
ALBANIA
TURKEY

GREECE

CYPRUS
MALTA
Enlargements V
ICELAND

2004 FINLAND
NORWAY

Cyprus SWEDEN
ESTONIA

Czech Republic IRELAND

DENMARK LATVIA

LITHUANIA
Estonia UNITED
KINGDOM

Hungary NETHERLAND
BELGIUM GERMANY
POLAND

LUXEMBOURG
Latvia FRANCE
CZECH
REPUBLIC SLOVAKIA

Lithuania SWITZERLAND AUSTRIA

HUNGARY
SLOVENIA ROMANIA
Malta PORTUGAL ITALY
CROATIA
SERBIA
BOSNIA-HR
Poland SPAIN MONTENEGRO BULGARIA
FYROM

Slovakia ALBANIA
TURKEY

Slovenia GREECE

CYPRUS
MALTA
Enlargements VI
ICELAND

2007 FINLAND
NORWAY

Bulgaria SWEDEN
ESTONIA

Romania IRELAND
DENMARK LATVIA

LITHUANIA
UNITED
KINGDOM

NETHERLAND
POLAND
BELGIUM GERMANY
LUXEMBOURG
CZECH
REPUBLIC SLOVAKIA
FRANCE

SWITZERLAND AUSTRIA
HUNGARY
SLOVENIA ROMANIA
CROATIA
PORTUGAL ITALY SERBIA
BOSNIA-HR
SPAIN MONTENEGRO BULGARIA

FYROM
ALBANIA
TURKEY

GREECE

CYPRUS
MALTA
Enlargements VII
ICELAND

2013 FINLAND
NORWAY

Croatia SWEDEN
ESTONIA

DENMARK LATVIA
IRELAND
LITHUANIA
UNITED
KINGDOM

NETHERLAND
POLAND
BELGIUM GERMANY
LUXEMBOURG
CZECH
REPUBLIC SLOVAKIA
FRANCE

SWITZERLAND AUSTRIA
HUNGARY
SLOVENIA ROMANIA
CROATIA
PORTUGAL ITALY SERBIA
BOSNIA-HR
SPAIN MONTENEGRO BULGARIA

FYROM
ALBANIA
TURKEY

GREECE

CYPRUS
MALTA
 MEMBER STATES

28 sovereign and independent states that pooled some of their

sovereignty in order to gain strength and unity from their
cooperation.

The EU institutions take in charge the decision-making

power the Member States delegate.

The EU is in between a fully federal system and an

intergovernmental cooperation system
 THE EU INSTITUTIONS

European Council (summit)

Council of Ministers
European Parliament (The Council) European Commission

Court of Court of Economic and Social

Justice Auditors Committee Committee of the Regions

European Investment Bank European Central Bank

Agencies
HOW DOES THE EU
WORK?
 WHO MAKES THE DECISION?

Decision-making at EU level involves various European institutions

• The EU Parliament: represents the EU's citizens

and is directly elected by them
• The European Council: consists of the Head of
State or Government of the EU Member States
• The council: represents the governments of the
EU Member States
• The EU Commission: represents the interests of
the EU as a whole.
 THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT

Represents the EU's citizens and is directly elected by them

Role: Directly elected legislative arm of the EU

Members: 751 Members of the European Parliament (MEP)
Location: Strasbourg (France), Brussels (Belgium), Luxembourg
city (Luxembourg)
President: Antonio Tajani

• Seats allocated among the Member States on the basis of

their share of the EU population (Germany 96, and
Luxembourg and Malta 6.
• Most MEPs are associated with a national political party in
their home country.
• In the EP, the national parties group into EU-wide political
groupings and most MEPs belong to one of these.
 THE EUROPEAN COUNCIL

Consists of the Head of State or Government of the EU Member States

Role: Defines political direction and priorities.

Members: heads of state or Government from each Member
States, the President of the European Council and the
President of the European Commission.
Location: Brussels (Belgium)
President: Donald Tusk

• Represents the highest level of political cooperation

between Member States.
• At their meetings, the leaders decide by consensus on the
overall direction and priorities of the Union.
• The European Council does not adopt legislation.
 THE COUNCIL

Represents the governments of the EU Member States

Role: Deciding on policies and adopting legislation.
Members: One minister from each Member States.
Location: Brussels (Belgium), and Luxembourg City
(Luxembourg)
President: The Presidency changes every 6 months between
the Member States. From 1 January 2017 until 30 June 2017,
Malta is Presiding the Council.

• Which ministers attend which Council meeting depends

on the subject on the agenda
• If, for example, the Council is to discuss environment, all
the environment Ministers from each Member States will
attend.
 THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION

Represents the interests of the EU as a whole

Role: Executive arm of the EU that proposes laws, policies
agreement and promotes the Union.
Members: A College of Commissioners, one from each
Member States.
Location: Brussels (Belgium)
President: Jean-Claude Juncker

• Politically independent institution that represents and

upholds the interest of the EU as a whole.
• In many areas, it is the driving force within the EU’s
institutional system
• Proposes legislation, policies and programmes
action
• Responsible for implementing the decision of the
European Parliament and the Council
 EEAS

To make sure the voice of the EU and its people are heard in the
world

• The EEAS – European External Action Service is the

European Union's diplomatic service.
• Helps the EU's foreign affairs chief – the High Representative
for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy – carry out the
Union's Common Foreign and Security Policy.
• Head of EEAS: HR/VP Federica Mogherini
 HOW EU LAWS ARE MADE

Citizens, interest groups, experts: discuss, consult

Commission: makes formal proposal

Parliament and Council of Ministers: decide jointly

National or local authorities: implement

Commission and Court of Justice: monitor implementation

European Union
Facts & Figures
EU POPULATION – COMPARED -WORLD

Population in millions (2016)

 T E N P R IOR IT IES F OR E UR OP E

The investment plan: a new boost A reasonable and balanced free

for jobs, growth and investment trade agreement with the United
States

A connected digital single market An area of justice and fundamental

rights based on mutual trust

A resilient energy union with a

forward-looking climate change A new policy on migration
policy

A deeper and fairer internal Europe as a stronger global actor

market with stronger industries

A deeper and fairer economic

and monetary union A European Union of democratic change
 H OW D OE S T H E
E U SP E N D ITS
M ON E Y?

2017 EU budget:
€157.9 billion = 1.05 % of Gross
National income
 THANK YOU

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