BUILDING

DRAWING-1
WHAT IS A BUILDING ?

Any structure constructed of

whatsoever material and used for
residential, business, commercial,
educational, industrial or other
purpose
OBJECTIVES OF A
BUILDING
oSufficient accommodation for which
constructed.
oProtection from heat/ glare of sun/
storm/ rain etc.
oProtection against thieves and
housebreakers.
COMPONENTS OF BUILDING

A building, whether residential or non

residential, can be broadly divided
into two parts
Superstructure and Sub-Structure:
The portion of the structure which is visible
or which is above the ground level is called
super-structure.
The portion of the structure present
underground is called sub-structure
including the foundations and the
basements, if present.
PERSONS CONCERNED

oClient

oArchitect

oDesign Engineer

oBuilder
BASIC COMPONENTS OF
A
BedBUILDING
Room with attached Bath
Drawing Room
 Living Room
 Dining Room
 Pantry

Kitchen
Store or Box Room
 Stair Case

Verandah
 Servant Room

Car porch
 HOW BD IS DIFFERENT
FROM MACHINE DRAWING
Size
Front Side
1st and 3rd Angle of projection
Dashed Lines in building drawing
Different Views
 Plan
 Elevation
 Section
HATCHING
SECTION ELEVATION
SYMBOLS
Terminology for different
Views:
Plan:
In architectural or building drawing, top view is
always drawn as a sectional top view formed by
assuming an imaginary horizontal cutting plane just
above the sill level.
The view is drawn after removing the upper part
and is termed as plan.
Plan shows the position and the size of different
elements of a building like wall thicknesses, position
of beams, doors windows, almirahs and ventilators,
Elevation:
Simple orthographic view used to show the
appearance of the finished building is called as
elevation which is equivalent to front view in the
model drawing.
Elevation is only drawn for the super-structure. A thick
line is drawn at the bottom showing ground level.
This view is used only to communicate the
appearance; hence, dimensioning is avoided in it.
More than one elevation may also be drawn for the
building namely front elevation, rear elevation, left
elevation and right elevation.
BASIC DEFINITIONS
Concrete
 Binding Material
 Filler Material
P.C.C.
 Ratio of constituent materials (e.g., 1:2:4)
 Lean Concrete (<10%)
 Normal Concrete (10-15%)
 Rich Concrete (>15%)

R.C.C.
Mortar (Cement/Sand)
BASIC DEFINITIONS
Beam Column and Lintel
BASIC DEFINITIONS

Roof Slab
Damp Proof Course (D.P.C.)
Brick
 Nominal Size
 9” x 4 ½” x 3”
PLAN AND ELEVATION
Typical Features Present in a
Building
Windows:
When window is cut horizontally, as in plan of the
building, an empty space is obtained between two
ends of the solid wall. Symbol of brickwork in section
will come in the solid wall but not in the space for the
window.
Further from behind the cutting plane, two ends of the
sill will be visible.
Windows is always shown in closed position meaning
that two lines representing the thickness of the
window itself are to be drawn. These lines may be
drawn any where in the thickness of the wall with any
suitable spacing in-between, not according to the
scale.
These four lines will serve the purpose of symbol for
window in section.
If sun shade is to be added on top of the window, as
in external walls to protect the window from rain
and sun, it must be shown by dashed line in plan,
because it is actually removed with the upper part
of the building during cutting assumed.
Each type and size of the window is denoted by
different numbers like W1, W2, W3, etc.
Ventilator:
Ventilator is denoted by letter “V” and is shown in
vertical section, plan and elevation just like a
window except that it would be shown by dashed
lines.
Door:
Door is denoted by letter D and is shown in vertical
section in closed position like a window.
At the bottom of the door, the top floor finish layer will
be continuous over the brick wall underneath.
D.P.C. is not provided under the doors and all such
openings which start from the floor level like verandah
opening, etc.
In plan the door is shown in open position.
The space between two ends of the solid wall is left
exactly according to the dimensions of the door.
Frame of the door is then drawn symbolically without
the actual dimensions.
Double-leaf door is preferred for wide door and for the
doors present away from the corners of the rooms.
Single leaf door should preferably be accommodated
near the corner of the building leaving a gap of about
4.5” from the other wall.
BASIC DEFINITIONS
Plan View in Building drawings
Dashed Lines in Building drawings
Boundary Wall
 Min thickness (4 ½-in)
 9”x 9” built-in columns @ (max) 7’-0” c/c
BOUNDARY WALL
SCHEDULE OF
OPENINGS
Basic Definitions
 Ceiling Height (CH)  Ground Level (GL)
 Sill Level (SL)  Parapet
 Finished Floor Level (FFL)
 Plinth Level (PL)

structure
Super
FFL
CH
SL
PL
GL

structure
Sub
Ceiling Height (C.H.)
Bottom of roof slab is called ceiling. Height of
the ceiling from the finished floor level is
called ceiling height normally varies from 8
to 12 ft.

Sill Level (S.L.):

It is the level of bottom of main windows
generally 3 ft. higher than the floor level.
GROUND LEVEL
It is the level of ground in or near the building which may
be natural or developed ground level.

Plinth Level (P.L)

It is the level of the ground floor top in main part of the
building on which columns rest. It is made higher than the
ground level by an amount depending upon the following
factors with a minimum of 1 ft.
The building must be prevented from rainwater to come
inside the building
Drainage of the used water from the building must be
easy.
Further trends in the locality like raising of street and road
levels is to be kept in mind.
FINISHED FLOOR LEVEL (F.F.L)
Top level of floor in any part of the building is called
finished floor level. It may be different for rooms
verandahs and open areas of a building.
Parapet
Small wall provided on periphery of the roof for safety
and privacy purposes is called parapet wall having a
height of 1’-0” to about 5’-0” from top of the roof slab.
Boundary Wall
It is the outermost wall of a building marking the
boundary of the area used to provide safety and
privacy inside the building. Its height varies from 5 to
7 ft.
Lintels:
Lintels are small beams, which are of reinforced
cement concrete in present construction provided
over small opening like door, window, almairahs etc.
Generally 150mm thick and width equal to wall
width are provided.
Sunshade:
Sunshade is sloping or horizontal R.C.C. cantilever slab
provided over openings on external walls to provide protection
from sun and rain.
Balcony:
Balcony is horizontal projection including a handrail or
balustrade to serve as passage or sitting out place.
Portico:
Portico or porch canopy is covered surface supported on
pillars or otherwise for the purpose of pedestrian or vehicular
approach. Generally the height of portico slab shall be 2.1m.
D.P.C:
D.P.C is provided inside all the walls which are
continuous above the plinth level.