Schizophrenia – a major mental disorder with

psychotic symptoms, marked by a profound

withdrawal from interpersonal relationships,
cognitive and perceptual disturbances that make
dealing with reality difficult.
 AFFECT – the outward manifestation of a
person’s feelings and emotions
 ASSOCIATIVE LOOSENESS – haphazard
and confused thinking manifested in
jumbled or illogical speech and
reasoning
 AUTISM – out of touch with reality and
living in their private perceptual world
 AMBIVALENCE – two opposing emotions,
attitudes, ideas toward a person/situation
 Auditory hallucinations

Delusions

Bizarre behavior

Paranoia

Acute onset; with favorable response to

antipsychotic medication
 Apathy and anhedonia
 Poor social functioning
 Poverty of thought
 Poverty of speech
 Insidious onset
 Premorbid history of emotional problems
 Chronic deterioration
 Poor response to antipsychotic
medications
 Delusions
– false, fixed beliefs not
amenable to change by reason
• Delusions of persecution
• Delusions of grandeur
• Ideas of reference
• Somatic delusions
• Delusions of jealousy
 Looseness of association
 Neologisms – coining of new words
 - bastosis, releasement,
mannerologies, pik pak boom,
vetchkisses

 Concrete thinking
 Echolalia and Echopraxia
 Clang association
 Word salad
 Affective blunting – a severe reduction in
the expression of emotions
 Anergia – lack of energy; passivity
 Anhedonia – inability to experience any
pleasure in almost all activities
 Avolition – lack of motivation; unable to
intitiate tasks
 Poverty of speech content – speech that
contains very little information
 Povertyof speech – restriction in the
amount of speech
 Schneider’s First-Rank Symptoms
 thought broadcasting
 - thought insertion
 - thought withdrawal
 - delusions of being controlled
 Paranoid Schizophrenia – prominent
hallucinations; paranoid delusions
 Disorganized Schizophrenia –
disorganized and bizarre behavior
 Catatonic Schizophrenia – stereotyped
movements, waxy flexibility, echolalia
and echopraxia
 Undifferentiated Schizophrenia
 Residual type
 Psychopharmacology – antipsychotics,
antiparkinsonian agents
 Electroconvulsivetherapy – esp. for
catatonic schizophrenia
 Psychotherapy – esp. supportive
psychotherapy
 Groupand Family Therapy; Health
education