HEAT TRANSFER THROUGH

EXTENDED SURFACES(FINS)
Prepare by:
NAME ID NO: ENROLLMENT NO:
NEEL SONI 15ME011 150070119084`
DARSHIL GONDALIYA 15ME012 1500701190
NIKUNJ LAD 15ME013 150070119042

SUBJECT : HEAT TRANSFER

FACULTY NAME: B S PATEL SIR
 WHY FINS ARE REQUIRED?
• There are some components in systems
that required more heat transfer then it
really dose.
• In that kind of situation fins are used to
increase heat transfer rate at that particular
place.
 HEAT TRANSFER THROUGH FINS:
• One of the way to increase the heat transfer from the hot
surface by increasing the surface area in contact with
environment.
• For this the surface area exposed to the surroundings is
frequently increased by the attachment of protrusion to the
surfaces, and the arrangement provides a means by which
heat transfer rate can be substantially improved.
• These protrusions are called fines or spines.
DIFFERENT TYPES OF FINS:
 EQUATION OF HEAT TRANSFER BY FIN

Tb P: the fin perimeter

Ac: the fin cross-sectional area

dq x
q x   kAC
dT q x  dx  qx  dx
dx dx

AC is the cross-sectional area

dqconv  h(dAS )(T  T ), where dA S is the surface area of the element

dq x
Energy Balance: q x  q x  dx  dqconv  q x  dx  hdAS (T  T )
dx
d 2T
 kAC 2 dx  hP(T  T )dx  0, if k, A C are all constants.
dx
 (contd….)
d 2 T hP
2
 (T  T )  0, A second - order, ordinary differential equation
dx kAC
Define a new variable  ( x ) = T ( x )  T , so that
d 2 hP
2
 m 2
  0, where m 2
 , ( D 2
 m 2
)  0
dx kAC
Characteristics equation with two real roots: + m & - m
The general solution is of the form
 ( x )  C1e mx  C2 e  mx
To evaluate the two constants C 1 and C 2 , we need to specify
two boundary conditions:
The first one is obvious: the base temperature is known as T(0) = Tb
The second condition will depend on the end condition of the tip
For example: assume the tip is insulated and no heat transfer
d/dx(x=L)=0

The temperature distribution is given by

T ( x)  T  cosh m( L  x)
 
Tb  T b cosh( mL)

The fin heat transfer rate is given by

dT
q f  kAC ( x  0)  hPkAC tanh mL  M tan mL
dx
 TEMPRATURE DISTRIBUTION IN FINS
WITH UNIFORM CROSS SECTION:

Case Tip condition (x=L) Temperature distribution Fin heat transfer rate

A Convection heat transfer

B Adiabatic

C Constant Temperature

D Infinite Fin Length

 USES OF FINS:

• Fins are most commonly used in heat exchanging

devices such as radiators in cars and heat
exchangers in power plants
• They are also used in newer technology such
as hydrogen fuel cells.
• Nature has also taken advantage of the phenomena
of fins.
• The ears of jackrabbits and Fennec Foxes act as fins
to release heat from the blood that flows through
them.
 FIN EFFICIENCIES AND EFFECTIVENESS
T

Tb
Total heat loss: qf=M*tanh (mL) for an adiabatic fin, or
qf=M*tanh (mLC) if there is convective heat transfer at
the tip

hP
where m= , and M= hPkA C b  hPkA C (Tb  T )
kAc
Use the thermal resistance concept:
(Tb  T )
q f  hPkA C tanh( mL)(Tb  T ) 
Rt , f
where Rt , f is the thermal resistance of the fin.
For a fin with an adiabatic tip, the fin resistance can be expressed as
(Tb  T ) 1
Rt , f  
qf hPkA C [tanh( mL)]
 Fin Effectiveness
How effective a fin can enhance heat transfer is characterized by the fin effectiveness f:
Ratio of fin heat transfer and the heat transfer without the fin. For an adiabatic fin:

qf qf hPkA C tanh(mL) kP
f     tanh( mL)
q hAC (Tb  T ) hAC hAC
If the fin is long enough, mL>2, tanh(mL)  1,
it can be considered an infinite fin (case D of table3.4)
kP k  PP 
f   k
 
hAC hh AACC 
In order to enhance heat transfer,  f  1.
However,  f  2 will be considered justifiable
If  f <1 then we have an insulator instead of a heat fin
 Fin Effectiveness (cont.)

kP k P 
f    
hAC h  AC 
• To increase f, the fin’s material should have higher thermal conductivity, k.
• It seems to be counterintuitive that the lower convection coefficient, h, the higher f.
But it is not because if h is very high, it is not necessary to enhance heat transfer by
adding heat fins. Therefore, heat fins are more effective if h is low. Observation: If fins
are to be used on surfaces separating gas and liquid. Fins are usually placed on the gas
side. (Why?)
• P/AC should be as high as possible. Use a square fin with a dimension of W by W as an
example: P=4W, AC=W2, P/AC=(4/W). The smaller W, the higher the P/AC, and the higher
f.
•Conclusion: It is preferred to use thin and closely spaced (to increase the total number)
fins.
Fin Effectiveness (cont.)

The effectiveness of a fin can also be characterized as

qf qf (Tb  T ) / Rt , f Rt ,h
f    
q hAC (Tb  T ) (Tb  T ) / Rt ,h Rt , f
It is a ratio of the thermal resistance due to convection to
the thermal resistance of a fin. In order to enhance heat transfer,
the fin's resistance should be lower than that of the resistance
due only to convection.
 Fin Efficiency
qf
Define Fin efficiency:  f 
q max
where q max represents an idealized situation such that the fin is made up
of material with infinite thermal conductivity. Therefore, the fin should
be at the same temperature as the temperature of the base.
q max  hA f (Tb  T )
For infinite k
T(x)<Tb for heat transfer T(x)=Tb, the heat transfer
to take place is maximum

Tb
x x
Total fin heat transfer qf Ideal heat transfer qmax

Real situation Ideal situation

Fin Efficiency (cont.)
Use an adiabatic rectangular fin as an example:
THANK YOU