THE UNITED NATIONS SYSTEM

By: Jornie Lumintao

 OBJECTIVE:
• TO BE INFORMED ABOUT THE STRUCTURE OF UN SYSTEM
• TO SIGNIFICANTLY COMPARE LN FROM UN
• TO DISCUSS THE HISTORY OF THE CREATION OF UN
• TO APPRECIATE ITS PURPOSE AND PRINCIPLES
• TO EXPLAIN THE MEMBERSHIP, SUSPENSION AND EXPULSION PROCESS
• TO GAIN KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION OF UN
• TO ACQUIRE GENERAL KNOWLEDGE ABOUT UN BUDGET AND FINANCE
• GENERAL ASSEMBLY: TO ASSESS THEIR EFFECTIVENESS
 SCOPE OF REPORT
• THE UNITED NATIONS FAMILY OF ORGANIZATIONS
• STRUCTURE OF THE UNITED NATIONS SYSTEM
• COMPARISON WITH THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS
• THE MAKING OF UNITED NATIONS
• PURPOSES AND PRINCIPLES
• MEMBERSHIP
• UNITED NATIONS BUDGET
• THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY
 THE STRUCTURE OF THE UNITED NATIONS THE
SYSTEM
BRETTON
Signed in San WOODS
Francisco on June 26, INSTITUTIONS
1945
UNITED NATIONS SYSTEM
(Family of Organizations)

SIZE AND COST

The General The

The Security The Int’l Court The Secretariat
Assembly ECOSOC Trusteeship
Council of Justice
Council

Names of institutions or Theses are separate

Semiautonomous
programs existed in 2006 Between JuneRegional
1948 andCommisions autonomous org with
UN SPECIALIZED
their AND
own policy-making
Comprise representatives May 2006, 60Functional
operationsCommissions TECHNICAL AGENCIES
of all member states , 45 were complete and executives,
Sessional, standing and
Standing Committees Military Staff Committee secretariats and budget
ad hoc commitees
Substantive Committees Defined by terms of
agreements
 COMPARISON WITH THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS
Constitutional power
Voting to prevent war and Membership
end aggression
Absence of provisions
on total ban of war, Never became universal
Unanimous only overly rigid procedure organization
for negotiating disputes
between states

Recognizes no
Some type of majority circumstances under Approaching the goal
vote which a nation may of universality
legally start a war
 COMPARISON WITH THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS
Promotion of Administration of
Human Welfare Colonial Territories
Established a special Trusteeship System
organ

Contained no Administering countries

provisions to promote progressive
development
 COMPARISON WITH THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS
Balance Sheet of the The UN’s Greater
League of Nations Scope
It failed to contain the Field of Activity and
aggressive action of the responsibilities are more
Axis-powers extensive because of
specialized agencies

Able to settle disputes

between states
 THE MAKING OF UNITED NATIONS

The Inter-Allied • June 14, 1941

• It was there that each pledged not to sign a separate
Declaration peace document and declared

• August 14, 1941

The Atlantic • British Prime Minister Winston S. Churchill
Charter • US President Franklin D. Roosebelt

• January 1, 1942
The Declaration • 26 representatives signed declaration whose preamble
called for subscription : to a common program of purposes
by UN and principles embodied in the Atlantic Charter
• Term United Nations was first used
 THE MAKING OF UNITED NATIONS

The Moscow • October 30, 1943

• Laid the foundation for the establishment of a new world organization to
Declaration replace LN

• August 21-October 7 1944

Dumbarton Oaks • First power meeting
• British Prime Minister Winston S. Churchill and US President Franklin D.
Conference Roosebelt

Yalta • February 1945

• If any big five powers was involved in an dispute, it would not have the
Conference right to veto security Council recommendation
 THE MAKING OF UNITED NATIONS
The San • April 25-June 26 1945
Francisco • China, USSR, UK and US acted as sponsoring powers
• 46 other states participated
Conference

Establishment of • October 24, 1945

• United Nations Day
the UN

Subsequent • Adopted with 2/3 votes of GA

Charter • Ratified by 2/3 member states including permanent
members of SC
Amendment
 PURPOSE AND PRINCIPLES

• Set forth in the • International • Based on

Principles…….
Purpose…….
On the Preamble

Preamble peace and security sovereign equality

• War • Develop friendly • Good faith
• Human rights relations among • Settle disputes in
• Justice and Respect nations based on peaceful means
• Social Progress respect. Equal • Refrain from threat
and better right. Self- or force
standards determination • Assistance in any
• International action
cooperation • Non-members acts
• Center for • Domestic
harmonizing jurisprudence
actions
 ADMISSION
1. Secretary-General
2. Security Council
3. General Assembly
MEMBERSHIP
SUSPENSION AND EXPULSION
Member which against the Security
Council has taken preventive or
enforcement action may be suspended
from the exercise of the rights and
privileges of membership by the GA
upon recommendation of SC
WITHDRAWAL FROM MEMBERSHIP
Problems of withdrawal from UN is
treated as it is not matter of
withdrawal at all.
REPRESENTATIONS OF NATION IN UN
1. The members of the UN are nations, not
government.
2. Willing and able to carry out UN
obligations
3. Represented by delegates that are
authorized by the gov’t to speak in their
behalf
 UNITED NATIONS HEADQUARTERS
• When created, UN had no home but John D. Rockefeller. Jr. donate $8.5M for East
River in midtown Manhattan
Headquarters • Has Conference Services, Telecommunications System, Computer System and UN
buildings Postal Administration

• Dag Hammarskiold Library contains 14, 500 maps, over 80,000 periodicals and
newspapers and 700,000 documents and microfiches and advance research
Records and • Archive: 50 researchers cull every year, earliest record; House world’s largest
Documents photocopying and printing plants

• Recognizing that the UN’s aims cannot be achieved unless the world is fully
informed off its objective and activities, the GA directed that BPI should world to
Public
Information promote the fullest possible informed understanding of UN affairs
Services
 UNITED NATIONS HEADQUARTERS
• Taxation
• Their personnel enjoy privileges and immunities similar to those diplomatic
Privileges and
Immunities
missions

• The UN may make regulations for the area

Headquarters • US Federal Law and Local Law does not apply here
agreement between
UN and US

• First used in Greece in 1947

• Depicts in silver against a light blue background a map of the Earth, projected
Emblem and Flag from the North Pole and enriched by two symmetrical olive branches
 UNITED NATIONS BUDGET
Committees • Advisory Committee on Administrative and
budgetary affairs is responsible for
Assisting the expert examination of UN Budget
General Assembly • Committee’s 16 members serves as
individual not government representatives
in Financial Matters

Procedure for
Determining the • Secretary-General
• Advisory Committee
Regular Budget
 UNITED NATIONS BUDGET
• Estimated expenditures (2004-2005)
amounting to us$443, 851, 900 derived
from: income staff assessment, general
Income Estimates income and services to public

Assessed contributions • Basic criterion is the ability to pay

• Comparative per capita income, ability of
of member states to contributors to obtain foreign exchange
the regular budget • Real capacity of the member states to pay
(Scale of Contributions)
 UNITED NATIONS BUDGET

• In 1963, USSR refused as a matter

Proposals of principle to contribute to certain
items in regular budget devoted to

to ease the
the redemption of UN bonds
• Enhancing the efficiency and
reducing the expenditures of the
UN’s organizations
• In 1992, Secretary-General Boutros

Financial Boutros-Gali requested that the Ford

Foundation assemble an independent
advisory group to recommend ways
Difficulties • “ The old financial malaise is
emerging with renewed evidence….”
 THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY
Function
Organ
and
1st: powers as the
major deliberative izatio Sessions

ns
body of UN

Powers

Lastly:
2nd: defining
the pivotal
specific
powers in
Sessional Plenary
position
concerning relations to
committees
meetings
financing the other
organs

Charter Extension of
Seating
Restrictions power to
discuss and Voting arrangements
on power to recommend
through uniting
procedure and election
of officers
discuss and for peace
recommend resolution
 THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY

Agenda of Provisional agenda for The adaption of the

the reg session must be
issued no later than 60 agenda is not merely for
formality
Assembly days

Effectiveness The impact of additional

While the decisions of
GA have no legally
of the members of UN is the
change of voting patters
binding force for
governments, they carry

Assembly weight of world opinion

on major int’l issues