MATH 7

Intensive Review
2 Quarter
nd
 Operations on Polynomials
•Division of Polynomials:
𝑎+𝑏 𝑎 𝑏
= +
𝑐 𝑐 𝑐
•Thus, to divide a polynomial by a
monomial, divide every term of
the polynomial by the monomial.
 Example 1

12𝑥𝑧 + 30𝑦𝑧
6𝑧
12𝑥𝑧 30𝑦𝑧
+
6𝑧 6𝑧
2x + 5y
 Example 2: Long Division
2𝑥 3 − 4 − 8𝑥 +𝑥 2

𝑥+2
•First, we need to arrange both the
divisor and the dividend from the
highest exponent to the lowest.
•Since the divisor (denominator) is in
ascending form already, there is no
need to arrange it.
•On the other hand, the
dividend (numerator) is not
in ascending form, thus
there is a need to arrange it.
3 2
2𝑥 − 4 − 8𝑥 +𝑥
Arranged Ascending Form
3 2
2𝑥 +𝑥 −8𝑥 −4
•Now that the divisor and dividend
are arranged, we can now proceed to
long division.
2x2 – 3x – 2
x + 2 2𝑥 3 +𝑥 2 −8𝑥 −4
2x3 + 4x2
(-)

- 3x -8x
(-)
2
- 3x2 -6x
(-)
-2x – 4
-2x – 4
0
 Multiplication of Polynomials
x (y + z) = xy + xz
•In multiplying polynomials,
the product is obtained by
multiplying the each term of
a polynomial to other term
of a polynomial.
•Examples:
5r (r – 2s + 3t – 4)

and

(b3 – 3)(b2+b – 2)
 5r (r – 2s + 3t – 4)
5r(r) – 5r (2s) + 5r (3t) – 5r (4)
5r2 – 10rs + 15rt – 20r
 (b3 – 3)(b2+b – 2)

(b )(b )
3 2 + –(b )(b)
3 – (b )(2)
3

(3 )(b ) + (3)(b) – (3)(2)

2

b 5 + b 4 – 2b 3 – 3b 2 + 3b – 6
Word Problems involving Linear
Equations in One Variable
• A word problem describes a
situation involving known and
unknown quantities and the
relationship that exists between
or among them.
 Steps in Solving a Word Problem
•Read each statement carefully.
•Identify the known and unknown
values.
•Create an equation or inequality by
translating word expressions
algebraically.
•Solve for the unknown value.
•Express the answer according to
what is asked in the given problem.
 Example 1: Number Problems
•In a mayoralty election, Roger
Sanchez received 2065 votes more
than his lone opponent, John
Guevarra. If 13,215 votes were cast
in all, how many votes did each
candidate received?
 Step 1: Read…
•In a mayoralty election, Roger
Sanchez received 2065 votes more
than his lone opponent, John
Guevarra. If 13,215 votes were cast
in all, how many votes did each
candidate received?
•In this step, you can mark the
important details in the statement.
 Step 2: Identify…
•In this step, you can represent any
variable in every given.
•Example:
Let “x” be the number of votes
received by Roger
“y” be the number of votes received
by John
“13,215” be the total votes cast
 Step 3: Create…
•In this step, translate the word
expressions algebraically.
Roger Sanchez received 2065
votes more than his lone
opponent, John Guevarra.
•Thus, we can derive with the
equation: x = 2065 + y
 Step 3: Create…

•Aside from derived equation:

x = 2065 + y,
•We can also form another
equation using the other values
x + y = 13,215
 Step 4: Solve…
•Now that we have the equations
x = 2065 + y and x + y = 13,215
we can find the unknown values.
•Using the substitution method,
x = 2065 + y
we will substitute the value of “x”
which is 2065 + y to the other
equation x + y = 13,215.
 If x = 2065 + y, then
x + y = 13,215
(2065 + y) + y = 13,215
2065 + y + y = 13,215
2065 + 2y = 13,215
2065 + 2y – 2065 = 13,215 – 2065
2y = 11,150
y = 5,575
•Now that we have the value of
“y”, we can substitute it to any
of the equation to find the value
of “x”. If y = 5,575, then
x + y = 13,215
x + (5,575) = 13,215
x + 5,575 – 5,575 = 13,215 – 5,575
x = 7,640
 Step 4: Express…
•Now that we have the values of “x”
and “y”, its time to interpret the
answer according to what is asked.
•Since “x” is the number of votes
received by Roger and “y” is the
number of votes received by John,
we can conclude that:
 Step 4: Express…

•The total number of votes

received by each candidate is:
Roger Sanchez – 7,640
John Guevarra – 5,575
 Special Products
• Multiplications involving Binomials:
▫Products of Sums and Difference
of Two Terms
▫Squares of a Binomial
▫Product of Two Binomial
▫Products Giving Sums and
Difference of Two Cubes
▫Cubes of Binomials
 Products of Sums and
Difference of Two Terms
(x + y)(x – y) = x2 – y2
Example:
(2a + 3)(2a – 3)
•First, we need to identify which
is the “x” and which is “y”.
x = 2a and y = 3
 (2a + 3)(2a – 3)
x = 2a and y = 3
Using the formula:
(x + y)(x – y) = x2 – y2
(2a + 3)(2a – 3) = (2a) – (3)
2 2

=2 a –3
2 2 2

= (2)(2)a2 – (3)(3)
= 4a2 - 9
Squares of a Binomial

(x + y)2 = x2 + 2xy + y2

and

(x - y)2 = x -
2 2xy + y 2
 (x + y) 2 = x 2 + 2xy + y2

•Example:
(b3 + 2c)2
•First, we need to identify which
is the “x” and which is “y”.
x=b 3 and y = 2c
 (b +
3 2c) 2

x=b 3 and y = 2c
Using the formula:
(x + y)2 = x2 + 2xy + y2
(b3 + 2c)2 = [(b3)2 + 2(b3)(2c) + (2c)2]
= b6 + 2b3 (2c) + (2c)(2c)
= b6 + 4b3c + 4c2
 (x - y) 2 = x -
2 2xy + y2

•Example:
(3x – 5y)2
•First, we need to identify which
is the “x” and which is “y”.
x = 3x and y = 5y
 (3x – 5y) 2

x = 3x and y = 5y
Using the formula:
(x - y)2 = x2 - 2xy + y2
(3x – 5y)2 = (3x)2 + 2(3x)(5y) + (5y)2
= (3x)(3x) + 6x(5y) + (5y)(5y)
= 9x6 + 30xy + 25y2
 Product of Two Binomials
•In this type of special product,
we can use the FOIL method.
•It is done by distributing each
term of a binomial to each term
of the other binomial.
•FOIL stands for First, Outer,
Inner, and Last.
Product of Two Binomials

(x+a)(y+b) = xy+bx+ay+ab

F L
(x+a)(y+b) = xy+bx+ay+ab

I O
 Cases of FOIL Method

•(x+a)(x+b) = x 2 + (a+b)x + ab
•(x+a)(x – b) = x2 + (a-b)x – ab
•(x - a)(x+b) = x2 + (-a+b)x – ab
•(x+a)(x-b) = x 2 + (a-b)x – ab
Example: Apply FOIL Method

(3x – 5y)(2x+9y)

and

(6+c)(4+c)
Products Giving Sum and
Difference of Two Cubes
(x+y)(x2 – xy + y2) = x3 + y3

and

(x-y)(x 2 + xy + y)
2 = x 3 - y 3
 (x+y)(x 2 – xy + y)
2 = x +
3 y3

•Is the formula for the Product

giving Sum of Two Cubes.
•In solving this type of special
product, you need to identify
the “x” and “y”.
 Example
(x+5)(x2 – 5y + 25)
Using the formula:
(x+y)(x – xy + y ) = x + y
2 2 3 3
We have the values of “x” and “y”
x=x and y=5
= x3 + y3
= (x)3 + (5)3
= x3 + (5)(5)(5)
= x3 + 125
 (x+y)(x 2 – xy + y)
2 = x +
3 y 3

•Is the formula for the Product

giving Difference of Two Cubes.
•In solving this type of special
product, you need to identify
the “x” and “y”.
 Example
(a – 3)(a2 + 3a + 9)
Using the formula:
(x-y)(x + xy + y ) = x - y
2 2 3 3
We have the values of “x” and “y”
x=a and y=3
= x3 – y3
= (a)3 – (3)3
= a3 – (3)(3)(3)
= a3 - 27
 Cubes of Binomials

•It is the opposite of the

Products giving Sum or
Difference of Two Cubes.
(x+y) = x + 3x y + 3xy + y
3 3 2 2 3

(x-y) = x - 3x y + 3xy - y
3 3 2 2 3
 (x+y)3 = x3 + 3x2y + 3xy2 + y3

•Example
(p+2) 3

Using the formula, we have

x=p and y=2
(p+2)3 = (p)3 + 3(p)2(2) + 3(p)(2)2 + (2)3
(p+2)3 = p3 + 3p2(2) + 3p(2)2 + (2)(2)(2)
(p+2)3 = p3 + 6p2 + 3p(2)(2) + 8
(p+2)3 = p3 + 6p2 + 12p + 8
 (x-y) 3 = x 3 - 3x y
2 + 3xy2 - y3

•Example
(2a – 1) 3

Using the formula, we have

x = 2a and y=1
(2a-1)3 = (2a)3 – 3(2a)2(1) + 3(2a)(1)2 – (1)3
= (2a)(2a)(2a) – 3(2a)(2a) + 6a(1) – (1)(1)(1)
= 8a3 – 6a(2a) + 6a – 1
= 8a3 – 12a2+ 6a – 1
 Evaluating Linear Equations
in One Variable
•Solution Set – collection of
all solutions to an equation
when substituted to a
variable will make the
equation true.
 Finding the Solution Set
•Example
▫Which of the following numbers
in the set { -1, 0, 1 } is/are
solution/s to the given equation?
x–1=0
 x–1=0
If x = -1, If x = 0, If x = 1,
then then then
x–1=0 x–1=0 x–1=0
(-1) – 1 = 0 (0) – 1 = 0 (1) – 1 = 0
-1 -1 = 0 0 -1 = 0 1 -1 = 0
-2 = 0 -1 = 0 0=0
Is False Is False Is True
Therefore, the solution of x – 1 = 0 is {1}.
 Evaluating Linear Inequality
in One Variable
•Same process in evaluating linear
equations in one variable but the
difference is no more equal sign,
instead equal sign is replaced by
an inequality.
<, >, ≥, ≤
•Also, the solution is interpreted in
a set form with restrictions.
 Finding the Solution Set
•Example
▫Solve the solution set of
the given inequality?
(3 – y) – (2y – 1) ≤ 1 + 2(y – 1)
(3 – y) – (2y – 1) ≤ 1 + 2(y – 1)
(3 – y) – 2y + 1 ≤ 1 + 2y – 2
3 – y – 2y + 1 ≤ 2y – 1
-3y + 4 ≤ 2y – 1
-3y – 2y ≤ -4 – 1
-5y ≤ -5
y≥1
Therefore, the solution set is
{y |y≥ 1}
 Solutions to Linear
Equations or Inequalities
involving Absolute Value
•In this type of problem, there
are two cases to consider.
1. The right side is positive.
2. The right side is negative.
 Example
|x+3| = 14
First Case: Second Case:
|x+3| = 14 |x+3| = -14
x + 3 = 14 x + 3 = -14
x = 14 – 3 x = -14 – 3
x = 11 x = -17
Therefore, the solution set is {11, -17}.