MOOD DISORDERS

Major Affective Disorder

Manic-Depressive Disorder
 Hypomania
• Symptoms are less severe than in a manic
episode
• Absence of marked impairment in social or
occupational functioning
• Delusions are never present
• Hospitalization is not indicated
 MOOD DISORDERS

• Major Depressive Disorder

• Bipolar Disorder

• Dysthymic Disorder

• Cyclothymic Disorder
 Unipolar Disorder – Depression

• Depressed mood / Anhedonia

• Significant weight loss of 20% of BW / weight

gain of 5% of BW (in one month)

• Insomnia or hypersomnia

• Increased or decreased motor activity

Unipolar Disorder - Depression
• Anergia (fatigue or loss of energy)
• Feelings of worthlessness, hopelessness and
inappropriate guilt
• Decreased concentration and indecisiveness
• Recurrent thoughts of death or suicidal
ideations
Unipolar Disorder - Depression

• With psychotic features

• - presence of auditory hallucinations

• - presence of delusions

• Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) –

depression more common in winter
 Bipolar Disorder – Manic phase

• Inflated self-esteem or grandiosity

• Decreased need for sleep (e.g., 3 hours only)
• Increased talkativeness or pressure to keep on
talking
• Flight of ideas or subjective experience that
thoughts are racing
 Bipolar Disorder – Manic phase
• Distractibility (attention is easily drawn to irrelevant
external stimuli)
• Psychomotor agitation
• Increased activity (socially, occupationally or sexually)
• Excessive involvement in pleasurable activities that
have a potential for painful consequences (shopping
spree, reckless driving, sexual promiscuity)
 Hypomania
• Symptoms are less severe than in a manic
episode
• Absence of marked impairment in social or
occupational functioning
• Delusions are never present
• Hospitalization is not indicated
 Dysthymic Disorder
• Depression occurring over a two-year period
• Presence of depressed mood
• Decreased or increased appetite
• Insomnia or hypersomnia
• Pessimistic about the future, brooding on past
• Feeling sorry for self; recurrent suicidal ideations
 Cyclothymic Disorder

• Alternating periods of hypomania and

depressive episodes over a two-year period

• The depressive episodes do not meet the

criteria for a Major Depressive Episode
Treatment of Mood Disorders
• Psychopharmacology – lithium carbonate,
antidepressants, carbamazepine,
benzodiazepines
• Psychotherapy – individual psychotherapy,
interpersonal therapy, group therapy,
cognitive behavioral therapy
 Electroconvulsive Therapy
• Severe depression/endogenous depression
• Actively suicidal clients and those not responding to
antidepressant mendication
• Catatonic schizophrenia, Acute mania
• Direct and Indirect (with premeds: anaesthetic and muscle
relaxant)
• Induction of tonic-clonic seizures
• Complications: headache, short-term memory loss