Revision of

Junior English

初三英语复习
 Adjectives
and Adverbs
形容词、副词
区别几组易混淆的副词、形容词
★ already 常用于肯定句、个别疑问句
yet 常用于否定句、疑问句
* The train has already gone.
* They haven’t come back yet.
★ such 修饰名词 so 修饰形容词、副词
*I have never seen such an
interesting film.
*This box is so heavy that I can’t
carry it.
★ alone(单独、独自)作表语=by oneself
lonely(孤独的)可作表语、定语
* He lived alone, but he didn’t feel lonely.
* It’s a lonely village.
★ hard(努力地)
hardly(几乎不)否定副词
* She works very hard, and he hardly
has a rest on Sundays.
 The Comparative &
Superlative Degrees of
Adjectives & Adverbs
 形容词和副词
比较级和最高级的构成
 规则变化
单音节词和少数双音节词
1) 一般情况加 – er 或 – est
fast – faster – fastest
high – higher – highest
clever – cleverer – cleverest
 规则变化
单音节词和少数双音节词
2) 以字母 e 结尾加 –r 或 –st
fine – finer – finest
late – later – latest
nice – nicer – nicest
 规则变化
单音节词和少数双音节词
3) 重读闭音节、末尾只有一个辅音
字母时双写加 –er 或 –est
fat – fatter – fattest
big – bigger – biggest
thin – thinner – thinnest
 规则变化
单音节词和少数双音节词
4) 以辅音字母加 y 结尾变 y
为 i 加 –er 或 –est
early – earlier – earliest
easy – easier – easiest
lucky – luckier – luckiest
 规则变化
部分双音节和多音节词
在词前加 more 或 most
slowly - more slowly - most slowly
easily - more easily - most easily
carefully - more carefully
- most carefully
 不规则变化
good/well – better – best
many/much – more – most
little – less – least
far – farther – farthest
( far – further – furthest )
bad/badly/ill – worse – worst
 形容词和副词
比较级和最高级的用法
1)表示两者（人或事物）的比较时
用比较级，通常用连词 than 引导，
表示“较······”或“更······一些”的
意思

*This cake is more delicious

than that one.
*Li Lei jumped farther than
Jim (did).
 2) 表示三者或三者以上（人或事物）
的比较用最高级，最高级的前面一般要
加定冠词the，后面可带of（in,among）
短语来说明比较的范围
*Shanghai is the biggest city in China.
*Lucy sings (the) best of all.
*He is the most careful among us.
 3) 在表示 “和······一样······”
和 “不及······” 这类概念时，可
以用 “as+原级+as” 和 “not as
（so）+原级+as”的句型
*Our teacher is as busy as before.
*He does not run so (as) fast as I.
4) 可用much, still, a little, even,
far,three years等表示程度的状语来
修饰比较级
*She is much taller than Mrs.Liu.
*He is three years older than I.
*This problem is a little more
difficult than the other one.
5)几种比较级的使用句型
1.“ 比较级 + and + 比较级 ”
表示“ 越来越······ ”
*Your English is getting better and better.
你的英语越来越好了。
*These days more and more people are
learning English.
现在学英语的人越来越多了。
 2. “the + 比较级，the + 比较级”
表示“ 越······就越······ ”
*The more, the better.
越多越好。
*The busier he is, the happier he feels.
他越忙越高兴。
 3.“ more (less) than ”表示
“不止，不到”
*She is more than thirty.
她三十多岁了。
*The lightest weighs less than 50
kilograms.
最轻的不到五十公斤。
 4.“more or less”表示“差不多，
或多或少”
*The problem is more or less solved.
这个问题差不多已经解决了。
*Is it straight? – More or less.
它直吗？ – 差不多吧。
6)注意点
1. 形容词最高级前一定要用the，副
词最高级前可省略
2.在比较级中为了避免重复，在the后
常用one，that，those等词来替代前
面提到过的名词
*This pen is shorter than that one.
*The weather here is warmer than
that of Shanghai.
 3.用or连接两项需作比较的内容
时，须用比较级；若or连接三项或
三项以上的内容时，则须用最高级
*Who is taller, Mary or Jane?
*Which is biggest, the sun, the
moon or the earth?
 7)掌握几种同义句转换
1. He is taller than any other student
in his class.
= He is taller than the other students in
his class.
= He is taller than any of the other
students in his class.
= He is the tallest (student)in his class.
 3. I prefer maths to English.
=I like maths better than English.
4. The box is too heavy for him to
carry.
= The box is so heavy that he can’t
carry it.
= The box is not light enough for
him to carry.
Exercises
 选择
(A )1 Who gets home usually ____ in your family?
A. the latest B. later
C. early D. as late
(B )2 The more we looked at the picture, ____.
A. we like it less B. the less we liked it
C. better we liked it D. it looked better
(B )3 What a pity. Lucy ran ____ than Lily.
A. a few more slowly B. a little more slowly
C. much more slowly D. little slowlier
( B)4 Don’t worry. Your baby is looked after ____
here, the nurse are very ____.
A. careful, carefully B. carefully, careful
C. care, careless D. careless, care
( C)5 The idea became ____ . He wanted to try
____.
A. strangly, it out B. strangly, out it
C. strange, it out D. strange, out it
( C)6 Beijing is ____ biggest cities in China.
A. the first B. one of C. the second D. second
用词的适当形式填空
hard
1 He works very __________. hardly
He __________
has a rest on Sunday. (hard)
2 __________,
Luckily he didn’t fail in the exam.(luck)
surprised that he couldn’t
3 He was so __________
surprising news. (surprise)
believe this __________
either
4 He won’t do it. I won’t do it, __________.
(too)
 well
5 Mr. Green is feeling __________ enough to
go to work. (good)
more friendly
6 The old man looks very _______________
than you think. (friend)
heavy as that one.
7 This box is not so ______
(heavy)
highest of the four. (high)
8 Lucy jumped __________
Pronouns
代 词
 代词的分类
人称代词 Personal Pronouns
物主代词 Possessive Pronouns
反身代词 Self Pronouns
不定代词 Indefinite Pronouns
指示代词 Demonstrative Pronouns
疑问代词 Interrogative Pronouns
人称代词 Personal Pronouns

数 单数 复数
人称 一 二 三 一 二 三
主格 I you he she it we you they
宾格 me you him her it us your them
 1.人称代词作主语时用主格，作宾语
时用宾格
* They all like him very much.
他们都很喜欢他。
* She gave the books to you and
me.
这些书是她送给你和我的。
 2.人称代词在作表语时，用宾格
* Who’s knocking at the door?
–It’s me.
谁敲门？-是我。
3. 人称代词在并列使用时的顺序为
“第二人称，第三人称，第一人称”
* You, she and I all enjoy the music.
你我她都喜欢音乐。
 4.she可以用来代表国家、船只、大
地、月亮等
* We love our motherland, we hope
she’ll be stronger and bigger.
我们热爱我们的祖国,我们希望她更强大。
* The ship is leaving. She’s on her first
trip to Boston.
轮船要起航了。这是她第一次去波士顿。
 5.it作为人称代词时，可以表示天气、
距离、时间、环境等
* What’ the weather like today?
– It’s windy.
今天的天气怎么样？- 有风。
* It’s about five minutes’ walk from
home to school.
从家到学校的路程大约5分钟。
 6.it可作为形式主语，将不定式、动
名词等构成的主语后移，使句子显得
平稳
* It’s hard to reach the apples.
很难够到苹果。
* It’s good for you taking a walk
after supper.
对你来说饭后散步是有好处的。
物主代词 Possessive Pronouns
形容词性 名词性
my mine
your yours
his his
her hers
its its
our ours
your yours
their theirs
 1.形容词性物主代词在句中只能
作定语
* My brother is a worker.
我弟弟是个工人。
* His parents are very friendly.
他的父母非常友善。
 2.名词性物主代词在句中可作表语、
主语和宾语
* Whose dictionary is this?
– It’s mine.
这字典是谁的？ - 我的。
* Our room is big and theirs is small.
我们的房间大，他们的房间小。
* You may use my pen. I’ll use hers.
你可以用我的笔，我用他的好了。
 3.形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代
词的关系：
形容词性物主代词+名词=名词性物主代词
注意：名词性物主代词在句中所指代的关
系是单数还是复数。
* These books aren't ours. Ours are new.
(our books = ours)
* This is not our room. Ours is over there.
(our room = ours)
4.“of +名词性物主代词”表示所属
* A sister of his is a nurse.

他的一个妹妹是个护士。
* Tom is a friend of mine

我的一个朋友
反身代词 Self Pronouns
单数
myself yourself himself herself itself

复数
ourselves yourselves themselves
 1.反身代词在句中可以作宾语、表语和
同位语
* He thinks more of others than of himself.
他想到别人比想到自己更多一些。
* That poor boy was myself.
那个可怜的孩子就是我自己。
* He himself was a doctor.
他本人就是一个大夫。
* I myself can work the problem out.
我能亲自算出这道题
 2.反身代词有以下常见搭配
enjoy oneself = have a good time
by oneself = alone
help oneself to…
learn sth. by oneself =teach oneself sth.
注意：oneself 有单复数之分
* I enjoy myself.
* Children, help yourselves to some
fish.
不定代词 Indefinite Pronouns
不是指明代替特定名词（或形容词）
的代词
★ all, each, every, both, either, neither
none, one, little, few, many, much
other, another, some, any, no
★ 由some, any, no, every 等构成的合成
代词
几组在用法上容易混淆的不定代词
1.some/any
★ some（一些,某）一般用于肯定句中
* There are some flowers in front
of the house.
★ any（一些,任何）多用于疑问句和否
定句
* Do you have any picture-books?
注意：some有时也可用于表示请求、征求
意见的疑问句中
* Would you like some meat?
你想要些肉吗？
* May I ask some questions?
我可以问问题吗？
* Could I have some apples?
我可以吃苹果吗？
* Will you give me some water?
你能给我些水吗？
 2. many/much
★ many 修饰或指代复数名词
*There are many eggs in the
basket.
* Many of us like playing games.
★ much 修饰或指代不可数名词
* He doesn’t know much English.
 3.another/other
★ another 泛指三个或三个以上中的
另一个
* I don’t want this coat. Please
show me another.
★ other 后面接名词，泛指别的、其
他的
* Do you have any other questions?
4. the other/others/the others
★ the other
1. 特指两个中的另一个
* He has two sons. One is a worker,
the other is a doctor.
2. 修饰名词，特指另一个、另一些
* Tom likes swimming, and the
other boys in his class like swimming,
too.
★others泛指其他的人或物
* He often helps others.
* Some are playing basketball, others
are playing football.
★the others 特指确定范围内剩下的全部
人或物
* There are fifty students in our class.
Twenty of them are girls, the others are
boys.
5.few/a few/little/a little
★ few/a few 修饰可数名词
little/a little 修饰不可数名词
★ few, little 表示否定意义, 译为
“没有几个”，“没有多少”
a few, a little 表示肯定意义, 译为
“有几个”，“有一点”
 * There are few people living here.
这里几乎没人住。
* There are a few students in the
classroom.
教室里有一些学生。
* I know little English.
我不懂英语。
* There is a little milk in the bottle.
瓶子里有些牛奶。
★ few 和 little 与 quite 或 only 连
用时，常加不定冠词 a
* There are quite a few new
books in the library.
图书馆里颇有些新书。
6.every/each
★ every＋单数名词,表示“每一个”,强调
共性、整体,只作定语,形式上为单数.不与of 连
用
*Every child likes playing games.
★ each 表示“每一个”,强调个性,作定语
主语、宾语和同位语,常与of 连用
*Each student was asked to try
again.
*Each of them has a nice skirt.
7.all/none
★ all “(全部)都”,表示三者或三者以上，
作同位语时,一般放在连系动词、助动词之后,
行为动词之前
* We are all from Canada.
They all like English.
★ none “没有”,表示三者或三者以上都不
,后常跟介词of（谓语动词单、复数均可）
* None of us is/are afraid of dogs.
8.both/either/neither
★ both “（两者）都”,作主语时看作复数；
作定语时后跟名词复数
* My parents are both teachers.
=Both of my parents are teachers.
★ neither “(两者)都不”,含有否定意义，
作主语时谓语用第三人称单数; 作定语时后跟
名词单数
* Neither answer is right.
 ★ either “两者中任何一个”,作主语
时谓语用第三人称单数; 作定语时后跟名
词单数
* There are trees on either side of
the street.
= There are trees on both sides of
the street.
 ★有关词组及应用
A.both of/either of/neither of
* Both of them swim well.
他们俩都游得很好。
* Either of you goes to Beijing.
你们俩随便谁去北京都可以。
* Neither of them stopped to have a
rest.
他们俩谁都不停下来休息。
 B.both…and（谓语动词用复数形式）
either…or/neither…nor(谓语动词
遵循就近原则)
* Both Tom and Lucy are in Grade Two.
Tom 和 Lucy 都在二年级。
* Either my father or my mother cooks at
home.
或者我爸爸或者我妈妈在家烧饭。
* Neither he nor I am free today.
我和他今天都没空。
9.Something/anything/nothing
Somebody/anybody/nobody
当形容词修饰这些不定代词时，常后置
* I have something important to tell
you.
* Is there anything else in the box?
* Nobody can answer the question.
指示代词 Demonstrative Pronouns
表示空间和时间远近关系的代词
包括:this/that (单数) these/those (复
数)
1. this,these指在方位上较近的人或物
that,those指在方位上较远的人或物
*This is my shirt, that’s yours.
*These TVs are made in China,
those are made in Japan.
 2.that,those常指前面提过的东西,以免
重复

*These boxes are heavier than

those on the desk.
3.刚才提到的事情，在英文中用that
*He was ill yesterday. I’m sorry
to hear that.
疑问代词 Interrogative Pronouns
用来构成特殊疑问句的代词
常见有：who whom whose what
which 通常做主语\宾语\定语\表语
* What makes you think like
that ? \做主语\
* Who(Whom) were you talking
with? \做宾语\
* Which bus do I need? \做定语\
* What’s your father? \做表语\
注意：在口语中，Who和Whom通用，
但在介词后只能用Whom

*With whom did he play games?

With who did he play games?(错)
 2. This film is less interesting
than that one
=This film isn't as interesting
as that one
=That film is more interesting
than this one.
改错
1 Don’t worry. There is little time left.
Don’t worry. There is a little time left.
2 His book is quite different from me.
His book is quite different from mine
3 She has two cats. One is white, another is black.
She has two cats. One is white, the other is black.
4 I have interesting something to tell you.
I have something interesting to tell you.

5 Please give me it.

Please give it to me
6 Every of us wants to have a look at your photo.
Each of us wants to have a look at your photo.
7 He sits in front of Jim and I.
He sits in front of Jim and me.

8 I like to receive letters but I do not like write it.

I like to receive letters but I do not like write them
9 He doesn’t know what one to buy.
He doesn’t know which one to buy.
( D)1 Is this your football, boys?
No, it is not ____
A. yours B. our C. mine D. ours
( B)2 The bird builds ____ nest in the tree.
A. her B. its C. it’s D. hers
( C )3 The maths problem ____ is wrong.
A. himself B. he C. itself D. herself
( D)4 ____ want to see the film.
A Every student B Each student
C All of students D All the students
( C)5 A lot of people have tried, but ____ have
succeeded.
A. the few B. a few C. few D. little
( C) 6 ____ of the four roads will take you to the
hospital.
A. Both B. Neither C. Any D. Either
( D )7 I have five pencils, one is red, ____ is blue
and ___ are green.
A. another, the other B. the other, others
C. others, the others D. another, the others
( D ) 8 I have found ____ on the Internet.
A. a few informations B. a little informations
C. a few information D. a little information
( B) 9 I have Chemistry classes ____ day, Monday,
Wednesday and Friday.
A. each other B. every other
C. this and other D. all other
( D )10 -- ____ is the man under the tree?
-- Jim’s father.
A. When B. What C. Where D. Who